Making a killing: Hong Kong photo exhibition Essay

Photographer David Chancellor offers a unique and often visceral insight into South Africa’s hunting safaris in his exhibition â€Å"The Game is Killing the Game†. Hosted by The Salt Yard, an arts space in Kwun Tong, the photo series calls for a reflection on hunting for sport when many species are in decline. Animal lovers will find some of the images in the exhibition distressing. In one shot the severed head of a lioness can be seen placed in a cardboard box, her jaws locked open with teeth bared, gaze transfixed. In another, a giraffe has fallen to the ground in a crumpled heap, after being shot by a hunter. Chancellor was born in London but lives and works in South Africa. The three times Nikon photographer of the year and World Press Photo award winner spent up to 10 days at a time embedded with hunters to capture the images. â€Å"It’s impossible to work clandestine,† he told the Los Angeles Times last year. â€Å"I realised very quickly that you n eed to embed with the hunting party – sleep, eat and breathe the hunt. All the portraits are taken immediately after the hunter has killed. It’s impossible to duplicate that emotion which is ultimately read subliminally by the viewer of the work.† The exhibition comes as African and US politicians meet this week in Washington, with wildlife conservation high on the agenda. US Interior Secretary Sally Jewell said about 20,000 elephants were slaughtered in Africa last year, while about three rhinos were killed every day in South Africa alone. â€Å"This hugely profitable illicit activity generates billions of dollars in revenue every year, fuelling growth in international criminal syndicates and reversing decades of hard-won conservation gains across the continent,† Jewell said. [The Sun News] WASHINGTON Jiangsu couple with a group tour with his son to visit Hong Kong, yesterday morning, Hung Hom, with tours to a jewelery store shopping, mainland women refused shopping period, and to guide the requirements to continue the trip, only consumption of at least two thousand people wanted her to make arrangements Yuanshi, when both theories, mainland women fear being attacked police said. Police officers arrived at the scene  after mediation, the two sides reach an agreement, a family of three â€Å"cut† from the group trip, the trio set out by the police rushed to MTR Hung Hom Station, self drive back to the mainland. Hung Hom Station police rushed back to the mainland The men allegedly forced shopping victim surnamed Su, peer wife surnamed Li (forty years old), son of about ten. Su said that a person participated in the mainland tour groups to Hong Kong to play four days, three days before the arrival yesterday to play for two days.Eleven o’clock yesterday morning, the tour by the surname Chen (39) male guided to a jewelry store shopping Lok Street, during Li Fu Chen made no intention to shopping and want to continue their journey to another place Chan visits, but rejected, and Lee was asked at least two thousand women in the shop Yuanshi consumer can make arrangements, Li wife and husband flatly refused and said I do not know when to participate in the trip must be shopping. But someone at the scene said the tour itself has indicated shopping trip, probably a misunderstanding of the Soviet Union took part in the tour, it caused a dispute. Catfight between the two parties, Li women cry more excited, and said fear of someone brute force, then call the police for help. Police officers arrived at the scene investigation, found no wounded, no other group members received complaints from police questioning and mediation to Chen and Su family of three, the immediate family of three from the group is willing to exit the remaining two days of the trip, the final event been resolved. Since the Soviet one is not familiar with Hong Kong traffic, do not know how to ride back to the mainland, and finally by the police sent them to MTR Hung Hom Station, take the MTR own return to the Mainland.

The Crusades Seen as a Whole Had Primarily Negative Consequences for Europe

The Crusades referred to the series of military campaigns that Western European Christians carried out in order to free the Holy Land from Muslim control. From 1096 to the late 13th century, these religious wars were waged against both internal and external opponents of Christianity. The Crusades, however, eventually became â€Å"any (form of) military effort by Europeans against non-Christians† (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ). Under the guise of militant Christianity, it was used as a means of European expansion (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ).Most of the effects of the Crusades in Europe proved to be very detrimental. For one, the power of the Papacy was increased. Crusaders who were either preparing for battle or returning home from combat gave vast tracts of land to the Roman Catholic Church in exchange for prayers and pious benedictions (Middle-Ages. org. uk, n. pag. ). Consequently, the Pope abruptly became more affluent and influential than most monarchies during this period. This sudd en increase in wealth, in turn, allowed him to institute both spiritual and secular supremacy over the royalty (Infoplease, n. pag. ).It is no longer surprising, therefore, if the Popes during the Crusades were always involved in power struggles and disputes with several European monarchs. Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I and King Henry II of England were embroiled in a squabble with Pope Alexander III. Despite strong opposition from Emperor Otto IV and Emperor Frederick II, Pope Innocent II declared himself as the virtual ruler of the West. The quarrels between the Popes and the monarchs in this period became so frequent that it ultimately became the basis for a papacy’s clout (Infoplease, n. pag. ).Another negative consequence of the Crusades in Europe was the senseless murder of non-Christian peoples both inside and outside the continent. The Crusaders’ decision to attack Constantinople, for instance, was motivated by the need to pay off their debt to Venice. The paym ent of the Crusaders to the Doge Enrico Donalo – 86,000 marks – ended up short of 34,000 marks. To compensate for the missing amount, he convinced them to assault Constantinople. Donalo had a hidden agenda – Constantinople â€Å"was the main obstacle to prevent Venice from rising to dominate the trade of the Mediterranean Sea† (Roman-Empire. net, n. pag. ).The Crusaders invaded Constatinople on April 13, 1204. They stripped Orthodox churches of their mosaics, vestments, religious scriptures and altar pieces. Thousands of innocent civilians were also killed. Moreover, Venice was able to occupy Greece shortly afterwards (Cooke, n. pag. ). The Roman Catholic Church used the Crusades within Europe to increase its membership and dominion. The Crusaders in the Baltic, for instance, were infamous for seizing the lands of Orthodox Christians in Russia and other parts of Eastern Europe.One of the Crusaders’ organizations in the Baltic, the Teutonic Knights, violently slaughtered pagan tribes such as the Letts, the Balts and the Livs. The Archbishop of Riga urged Pope Clement V in 1308 to put an end to the carnage, to no avail (Ekelund, Tollison, Hebert, Anderson and Davidson, 147). In Spain, paramilitary orders such as the Belchite and the Monreal sequestered lands for the nobles and the Roman Catholic Church. These groups were able to carry out their operations under the guise of â€Å"(opening) a new route to Jerusalem along the North African coast† (France, 145).But the truth was that they were merely pawns in the desire of the Roman Catholic Church and the nobles to acquire more land. Religion was used to get away with injustice. It would be fair to say, therefore, that the Crusades was one of the darkest chapters of human history. The original teachings of the Roman Catholic Church – charity, forgiveness, compassion – were distorted to suit secular and military interests. Consequently, other religions were vi olated and their followers killed. Religion became a means of enriching a selected few.Works Cited Cooke, Nicholas A. â€Å"The Sack of Constantinople. † 2000. St. Michael the Archangel Church. 14 November 2008 . â€Å"Crusades. † 2008. MSN Encarta. 9 December 2008 . â€Å"Effects of the Crusades. † n. d. Middle-Ages. org. uk. 9 December 2008 . Ekelund, Robert Burton, Robert D. Tollison, Robert F. Hebert, Gary M. Anderson, and Audrey B. Davidson.Sacred Trust: The Medieval Church as an Economic Firm. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. France, John. The Crusades and the Expansion of Catholic Christendom, 1000-1714. New York: Routledge, 2005. â€Å"In the Middle Ages. † 2008. Infoplease. 9 December 2008 . â€Å"The Sack of Constantinople: The Conquest of Constantinople by the Crusaders in AD 1203/1204. † n. d. Roman-Empire. net. 9 December 2008 .

Anne Frank Remembered

My paper is on Anne Frank remembered. A little about Anne Frank she is one of the most discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Her diaries are very famous for many reason one that it tells about life during the holocaust and how she was able to survive as a little girl. Her diaries are a look at the holocaust it is an aspiration for many. As I watched the film I could feel the struggles that Anne Frank was going through and I find her courage during the times to be uplifting the more that I watched the documentary the more that I feel like I was there with her feeling her pain and just in all her courage. Anne Frank was the hope of all the people during that time and holocaust. The documentary explained how the Germans had occupied Holland and how some of the people in Holland was hidden away in some of the houses of friends and allies. One of the people that was hidden away in opekta was Anne frank and her family it mentioned that Anne frank was called upstairs because people wanted to hide in the house and asked her what she thought. Anne Frank was offered a job by the boss of the house of cooking she was asked if she was able to cook a certain dish and she had said yes and so she was giving the job of cooking for the house. She was giving more jobs and responsibilities in the house and was trusted by her boss.

English and Vocational Training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English and Vocational Training - Essay Example The importance of English as the medium of education is on a steady rise and is being incorporated into countries which are non-English in their linguistic backgrounds. Today, we have a wide range of careers options, that are inclusive of stereotypic career options like English Literature, Arts, Sciences, etc. and also the newly emerging vocational careers like engineering, electronics, electrical communication and the like, which depend more towards the technicalities, rather than linguistic prowess. However, communication is an important aspect of life and good communication skills set apart a good employee from a bad one. Mere command over technicalities is not the only criteria in the process of selecting employees. Good language skills count and since English is the common language across the world, good command over the English language is a must to come across as a candidate with great fluency and proficiency. Vocational training given to candidates in the fields of telecommunications, electricals and electronics need training in the English language, as well.

Is Motivation Significant To Effective Workplace Management Essay

Is Motivation Significant To Effective Workplace Management - Essay Example An expectation is primarily concerned with promises to be fulfilled while a motive is an intention of acting in a certain way or doing something. Lastly, a drive is a push factor that pushes someone to act in a particular manner. All these factors play a pivotal role in motivating people hence effective managers must understand their employees and what motivates them. In order to understand what motivates an employee, the manager must find out what that employee’s needs are and what goals they have set for themselves. There are two distinct categories of theories of motivation and these are content and process theories. According to Finchman & Rhodes (25), content theories of motivation focus on what motivates an individual. They are typically concerned with determining the specific needs that motivate people. On the other hand, process theories attempt to describe and analyze how people are motivated, that is, how behavior is aroused, directed and sustained (Schultz, 54). Mas low’s hierarchy of needs is probably the most recognized theory of motivation. The hierarchy comprises of five levels of needs namely physiological, security, social, self-esteem and self-actualization needs (Schultz, 54). The seeds develop from the bottom to the top and in as far as organizational performance is concerned, there is the need for managers to identify the needs and goals of the employees in order to be better positioned to satisfy them. There are two assumptions underlying the needs theory.

Case Study for Total Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Study for Total Quality Management - Essay Example Ever since 9/11 this industry has seen radical changes and movements towards downsizing and cost cutting. A company in this industry that was able to maintain a high level of customer service is Orbitz Corporation. This paper provides two answers to discussion questions of the case study Customer Service Processes at Orbitz. Mr. Patton was very satisfied with the level of service that he received. Corporations that provide good customer service are able to achieve higher levels of customer retention (Achievemax, 2009). There were various aspects of the experience Mr. Patton encountered which made him happy. First of all when he approached the company about the double billing problem the company was apologetic. After a short verification process which took a few minutes the firm admitted they were wrong. This is somewhat unusual because companies love to blame the customer. I once had a problem at an ATM that stole my money. I went to the bank and they claimed it was not their fault because they were the owners of the ATM and the protocol was for an investigation to occur. I was not satisfied with this response at all since all they had to do was contact the other bank that owned the ATM to check the video camera in order to verify that cash was not disbursed. Mr. Hatton was surprised that the company ad mitted the wrong doing so fast. Another dimension of the customer service at Orbitz that impressed Mr. Hatton was the short waiting time on the phone and the efficiency of their voicemail system. Inefficient voicemail system that keep routing the customer through way too many options typically anger customers to the point that at times the customer prefers to hang up than to continue the ordeal (Crestcapital, 2006). Another aspect of the customer service that impressed Mr. Hatton was that the company apologized for the mistake on various occasions. At the end of the process Orbitz send Mr. Hatton a letter apologizing with a

Strategy in practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Strategy in practice - Essay Example At this point emphasis should be made to the following fact: the strategy is not set by any member of the organization; it can be only defined by the organization’s leader (De Wit and Meyer 2010, p.502). Of course, other members of the organization, such as line managers, can have a role in the formulation of organization strategy but this role is limited, usually referring to the provision of information for the performance/ problems of their unit (De Wit and Meyer 2010, p.502). When setting the strategy of the organization leaders can take into consideration the comments of employees in various organizational departments; these comments can affect the organization’s strategy only at the level that the leader of the organization will decide (De Wit and Meyer 2010, p.502). The most important characteristic of strategy is the following: it refers to ‘all functions and parts of the organization’ (Toma 2010, p.16-17). Nestle was first established in Switzerland in 1866 (Nestle, Organizational website, History). Through the decades the company has managed to expand globally, a strategy that has been followed by the increase of the business objectives/ areas of operations. Indeed, in 1866 Nestle has been solely a milk factory; today the business is considered as one of the leaders in the food industry in general (Nestle, Organizational website, History). The strategy of Nestle is incorporated in a graph presented through the organizational website (Figure 1, Appendices). According to the particular graph the strategy of Nestle is divided into three parts (Organizational website, Strategy): a) the firm’s Competitive Advantages; the R&D department of the organization and its extended portfolio of brands are considered as the firm’s major advantages, b) the Growth Drivers: in this category emphasis is given to the firm’s reputation as a firm promoting health through its high-quality food products. At the same

The evolution of the wireless phone network Research Paper

The evolution of the wireless phone network - Research Paper Example Not shockingly, a number of the industries, which are being drastically revolutionized, are those that cope with the human senses, comprising of entertainment, education, advertising, health care and, sadly, warfare. Simply put, technology or telecommunication has changed people’s way, as well as the pace of life (Lee, 2001). Below follows a brief discussion of how inventions in wireless phone network has changed communication. Changes to How We Communicate Instant Messaging (IM) Instant messaging (IM) refers to a form of communication over the Internet, which provides an instantaneous transmission of text messages from a sender to a receiver (Webb, 2008). In push technique between two or more individuals using personal computers or mobile phones, along with internet service providers, instant messaging mainly offers real-time and express written language-based online messaging. Instant messaging has changed the way humans communicate as the technology sends information extrem ely fast (Schiller, 2003). No sooner does the sender send the message than the receiver, receives it. Instant messaging also offers instant relies to messaging creating efficiency in communication (Richard & Smith, 2006). SMS Short Message Service (SMS) refers to a text messaging service with regards to mobile phones or the web. SMSs use standardized communications protocols, which offer the exchange of short text messages between mobile phone devices or fixed lines (Lee, 2001). According to research, SMSs are the most broadly used data application in the globe, with 78% of all mobile phone users or 3.6 billion active subscribers. Also, SMS is being used as a form of direct marketing referred to as SMS marketing. It has fastened the way people communicate through their mobile phones, and also at a relatively cheap cost (Richard & Smith, 2006). Twitter and Facebook Social network sites have substantially changed the way human beings relate, as well as communicate, with one another (R ichard & Smith, 2006). Facebook and Twitter have allowed individuals throughout the globe to be part of one society and be capable of communicating through diverse forms. One way to communicate on Facebook and Twitter is by adding another person (Prasad & Ruggieri, 2007). Once an individual adds another, they both become friends, and this forms new friendships. These days, numerous friendships are created through Facebook and Twitter, and they allow people to communicate constantly. Telecommuting Telecommuting or telework refers to a working arrangement in which workers do not travel to a central place of work. An individual who telecommutes is referred to as a teleworker, telecommuter, or, at times, as a home-sourced worker. A lot of teleworkers work from home whereas others sometimes referred to as nomad employees, use mobile telecommunications skills to work from restaurants or other diverse locations (Lee, 2001). According to a Reuter’s survey, roughly one in five workers all across the globe, particularly workers in Latin America, the Middle East and Asia, telecommute habitually. Also, nearly 10% of all workers work at home in the above mentioned places. For communities, telecommuting offers cheap employment through enhancing the employability of circumstantially marginalized persons like work at home parents and the disabled, caregivers, retirees and people living in rural areas. Telecommuting eases traffic congestion and

Discuss how they establish ethos in their writing Essay

Discuss how they establish ethos in their writing - Essay Example Robert Kennedy came from a long line of Kennedys who were well thought of and established in the world. Robert had a background in politics stemming from an appointment as a United States Attorney General to a nominee for the president of the United States. Most people will recognize him as a Senator who was assassinated before he was able to make his bid for president. He grew up in what was called a "competitive" family that was very close. (Robert F. Kennedy "Biography"). He was known for battling injustice and organizing people to do move forward on a variety if issues including the Vietnam War, organized crime, and he worked closely to help black Americans find a peaceful place in the world. He was also known for his ability to talk to people without barriers. When Martin Luther King died it was Kennedy that was able to hold people together. Both John Kennedy and Robert Kennedy were proponents of civil rights and they worked well within many communities, particularly with blacks and other disenfranchised persons (Robert F. Kennedy "Biography"). This is the information that creates ethos for Robert Kennedy and what lead to his speech in front of a mostly black crowd in Indianapolis. He was well respected by most people in the black community and this was one of the reasons that he was one of the only white men who could have addressed the crowd that day. He was also qualified to speak about Martin Luther King because he believed in what Martin stood for and had been actively helping with civil rights. Kennedy was a strong orator and he understood what to say to people to get them to do what he was asking. On that night, he also used his compassion and his emotions to give people what they needed in order to move them forward. Another reason this worked for him was because his speech was very much like a speech that Dr. King would have made: Kennedy had already established himself as a writer, orator and statesman so he was already established as an

North Indian American Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

North Indian American - Research Paper Example Democratically these nations like the recognized nations of the world are also declared to possess their own constitutional rights (Minahan, 2002, pp.20-23). History of the North Indian Americans The number of North American Indians in the region of North America is found to be declining in rapid manner from the past periods. With the formation of the first European colonies in Jamestown and Plymouth the number of American Indians residing in the region ranged for about two millions. With the arrival of the colonial people from European countries the American Indians were forced to intrude further into further interior regions of the country. The North American Indians were a bunch of great hunters who used to hunt on wild buffaloes and wolves. Hunting activities of the North American tribes were mainly done on horsebacks to render due efficiency (Joint Economic Committee, 230-245). These Indians used to dig holes in the ground to put their valuables and objects of hunt or interest a nd covered them fully in order to conceal such from others. Further the skin of the hunted buffaloes was used as clothing materials for women and men. Among the most popular tribes of the North American Indians the Seneca tribe holds a significant position. ... Verbal context spoken among North American Indians contained of specific sounds, which were closely observed by the European colonialists who fist developed contacts with these people. The European people started recording the sounds and alphabets spoken to form a new branch of linguistics to be researched upon. In the middle part of the nineteenth century the study of North Indian American languages was catered to a great extent to be both comprehended and written which helped to earn due clarity. (Sturtevant, 17-18; Murthy and Kamath, 26). The North American Indians also communicated amongst themselves on the basis of sign languages. These people used several gestures and body languages to communicate amongst themselves. Thus the North American tribes can also be held to be the significant contributors of modern sign languages. The practice of sign languages among the North American people earned such significance that it was observed more as a ‘lingua franca’ amongst them. However due to lack of patronage of such and recognition of it in purely primitive note they were relegated in back quarters (Davis, 17). Religion of the North American Indians The religious practices of the North American Indians are featured by simplicity carrying only some doctrines and some specific ceremonial events. North American Indians regard the ‘Great Spirit’ as their highest deity. The tribal people render their every success and failure at the feet of this supreme deity and regard their deity as the infinite power. Further these people also have created an inferior deity to which they regard all the misfortunes of their lives. The North

Nurturing the Childrens Spirituality in the Learning Process Essay

Nurturing the Childrens Spirituality in the Learning Process - Essay Example In such a way they are able to maintain compassionate and balance learning process to make them pro-active in school activities. Through this, they are expected to enjoy social cohesion and harmony within and outside of the school. De Souza (2004) asserted that Values Education and Clarification have been considered by the state as significant to be integrated into the curriculum to teach learners moral values as an inspirational tool in defining their good relationship with the rest of humanity and creation. Since the 1960s, moral values are a significant parcel in the formation of the learners’ affective domains to integrate their emotional, attitudinal, values and beliefs’ constructions (De Souza, 2004). Experts believed that values and moral are derivatives of peoples’ emotive sense and, thus, are not viewed as relevant in their cognitive being (De Souza, 2004). Hence, it’s this dichotomy of human existence that made it confusing and difficult to arrive at a common understanding of values of education (De Souza, 2004). It’s in this context that experts dealt the dualism of educational philosophy: language and practice (De Souza, 2004). They adopted an educational pattern for cognitive development and for values education to develop a standard behavior and intelligence of learners and to nurture that sense of commitment among individuals based on virtue and values (De Souza, 2004; Lambert, 2003, Noddings, 2010). Some psychologists observed that this has been considered as an effective tool since historical experiences proved that the integration of values in improving learners’ intellectual pursuits made people resilient in times of recession, conflicts, and social upheavals and during wars (Cacioppe & Edwards, 2005; Glendinning, 2005; Gross, 2004).

Conservative dominance in the years 1951 to 1964 Essay Example for Free

Conservative dominance in the years 1951 to 1964 Essay The main reason for conservative dominance in the years 1951 to 1964 was labour disunity?† Access the validity of this view I agree with this statement as the labour party leaders were ageing. The labour leaders were from the pre-war era therefore it meant that they were not in touch with the population. This led to labour disunity throughout the years as it caused Attlee to retire, he found that he couldn’t understand what the young wanted. For the public they left their trust with the labour party and put it in the conservatives as they felt that labour had failed to create the consumer revolution that everyone had hoped for. By 1951 the public were also fed up with the rationing that they still had to endure even though the war had ended 6 years ago therefore this helped the conservative dominance in those years. Another reason as to why labour disunity was to blame for labour dominance was the growing split in the party caused by the Bevanites and Gaitskillites. The split in the party was due to Gaitskell introducing prescription and dentistry charges. Bevan supported the left wing of the party whereas Gaitskell supported the right wing of the party and followed Attlee in becoming the next leader of labour government. The split led to disunity as Gaitskell didn’t have the full support of the party; his ideas were always going to be argued against. Another reason why the split caused disunity in the labour party was to do with the trade unions. The trade unions were supporting the left wing of the party; this was a problem particularly during the Scarborough conference in 1960. Frank Cousins was the leader of the one of the most powerful unions, TGWU (transport and general workers) and was an extreme left wing. He led fierce opposition to Gaitskell over Britain’s nuclear weapons. Gaitskell wanted Britain to have nuclear weapons because of the looming threat of Russia, during the cold war; they could wipe out countries at any time. At the party conference in Scarborough Frank Cousins opposed Gaitskell’s leadership over the labour party and in particular nuclear weapons. He challenged Gaitskell over his decision not to refect unilateral disarmament. This caused disunity in the party because it showed to the public how weak the labour party was if a trade union leader, who had no power within the party was able to dictate what they did. It showed to them that someone who was a small minority was able to gather a lot of power. It was humiliation for Gaitskell because it showed he wasn’t able to control what was happening to the party. Alsoà ‚  disunity in the party was due to the fact that the left wing of the party was closely associated with CND (campaign for nuclear disarmament). The left wing side of the labour party were in favour of nuclear disarmament and being connected with nuclear disarmament scared many labour supporters. Many people were not in favour of nuclear disarmament as it was at the height of the cold war and they were scared of a nuclear war happening; this link between the CND and the labour party could have led to many voters turning away from the labour party in the 1959 election. Another reason which could have turned people away from voting for the labour party in the 1959 election was the association of CND being anti-government. Their ‘unilateralism’ became a powerful magnet for anti-government protest in some ways it almost was seen as a substitute for opposition in government. With many labour left-wingers associated with one of the most powerful pressure groups in Britain it made people question the ideas that the labour government had and their ability to run the country. The final reason for a split in labour disunity was clause four. Clause four was the commitment to nationalisation of everything which was a step towards socialism and communism. Gaitskell put forward the idea to abolish this clause and labours commitment to nationalisation to nationalisation. He was impressed with the way Germany had dumped their commitments to Marxist ideas in their party conference in 1959. Many people including the left wing of labour opposed this ide a and Gaitskell had to back down from his idea. With events happening in the world connected with socialism and communism, the abolishment of clause four was linked to the ideas of radical socialism which scared people as it was too close to communism for their liking. However it wasn’t just the labour disunity that caused the conservative party to remain dominant. The conservatives had strengths of their own that they used to the best of their ability. When conservatives came into power in 1951 it marked the end of the austerity era and the start of the post war boom. From 1952 most economic indicators pointed upwards with the boom in car ownership, home ownership increased, helped by the easy access to cheap mortgages and food rationing ended completely in 1954. Harold Macmillan who was then the housing minister fulfilled the election pledge of getting new homes constructed above 300,000 per year. The age of affluence helped keep the conservatives dominant in politics as it meant the public saw that party  as the ones who could make a change. Also the conservatives keeping their promises meant the public would respect them. In the run up to the 1955 election Butler was able to boost conservative election prospects with a ‘give-away’ budget. This meant for people in the middle classes would be provided with  £134 million in tax cuts. For these middle classes it meant an overwhelming support in favour of the conservatives because of the classes that might not have been able to afford the consumer goods were given a chance to. For the conservatives in the 1955 general election the public mood was what was described as a ‘feel good’ factor. They wanted the continuation of the consumer goods and therefore they would continue to vote for the conservatives as they saw them as the party who would be able to offer them it. Another reason for conservative dominance was that the national press was overwhelmingly in favour with the conservatives. During the 1955 election this helped win support and it also helped during Macmillan’s time as prime minister. Macmillan seemed to have the media in the palm of his hand using the new political opportunities that were provided by the television. With the conservative party gaining wide spread coverage throughout the country and labour not, it meant people knew more about the conservative party. With the national press focusing on the conservatives it gave them enough attention to win the elections crushing labour in every defeat. An important reason for the conservative dominance was the personalities that led the party. Winston Churchill gained his reputation for leading Britain to victory during the war. However during his post war leadership he was very much absent and Anthony Eden the acting prime minister led the conservatives. Eden was the first prime minister that the public felt they could understand what they wanted. Anthony Eden was said to have ‘represented contemporary manhood.’ This led the public to believe that for the first time after the war they would receive the benefits that they wanted. Eden has also many progressive ideas in domestic affairs however in the end this was his downfall. The Suez crisis split the conservative party and for the first time it looked like they would be weakened and labour would take power however it didn’t. Eden was resigned in 1957 and Harold Macmillan who led the campaign to abort the Suez crisis emerged as prime minister. He restored the party unity and in the 1959 led the conservatives to another win in the election. Macmillan from 1957 showed  his aura of confidence and political mastery. This showed to the public that the politicians and leaders in the party were strong willed and would do anything in their power to protect their country. This gave the conservatives the respect that they needed to go on and win the elections. Overall I think that although the labour party were weak, and this weakness led to the conservatives dominating politics and government; conservative dominance was due to the power that the leaders had. The people saw that this party was able to give them everything they wanted with the age of affluence. Also conservatives made sure that labour supporters would change sides as they gave respect to the labour’s post war consensus. With keeping with the post war consensus it showed to the people they were leaders who knew what they party wanted and not the ageing leader s in the labour party.

Rastafarianism Religious Beliefs: Spiritual Practices

Rastafarianism Religious Beliefs: Spiritual Practices Over the years, there have been various explanations to the causes of mental illness; while some have indicated genetic causes, others have identified socio-economic causes and others have explained it using a stress-vulnerability model. Sometimes it has been explained as a combination of these factors but irrespective of these explanations which could be argued, it has been substantiated by various studies. One cannot dismiss the strong association of cultural and religious beliefs and practices in the explanation of mental illness and how these explanation and beliefs can influence treatment options sought by the individual and clinicians attitudes and responses. In some instances, people experiencing mental illness may have delusions of religious content as this can obscure valuable diagnosis and required treatment to be given (Cinnirella and Loewenthal, 1999). Although, religion in certain instances does not have association with mental health disorders, when it does, some close associates of the person experiencing mental health difficulties see them as someone who requires treatment, while others think they have a good doctrine or fundamental ideas and will seldom seek medical or psychological intervention (Johnson-Hill, 1995). Rastafarianism is a way of life predominately allied with people of the Afro-Caribbean background. The movement turned religion, began in Jamaica in the 1930s, came into view as a proxy to the governance of western colonial authority and values. Teachings of Marcus Garvey, who advocated and championed the interests of people of African descent in the Diaspora, inspired the movement (Chevannes, 1998). There are over a million worldwide followers of Rastafarian religion. It has been estimated that about 5,000 Rastafarians are living in England and Wales in the 2001 census and there are considerable followers of the faith in communities predominately in London, Leeds, Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, Bristol and Nottingham (BBC, 2009). The primary aim of the religion is to bring about the elementary transformation of an unjust society. Ethiopianism is an idea that merges Ethiopia and the whole of the African continent which occupies followers of the Rastafarian faith with dreams of a return to their heaven on earth (Chevannes, 1994). Johnson-Hill (1995) stated that everything about this religion, the use of the holy herb (cannabis), the use of the term I, meaning We, and songs are all intended for the Oneness (divine self) within inner self discovery which acts to strengthen the individual. All these aid the Rastafarian to engage in purity of the mind and be regarded as person of self worth (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). The rise of Bob Marley, who was a practicing Rastafarian made the movement/ religion very popular not only in the Caribbean but the whole world and has attracted a considerable number of followers mainly blacks, and some white people who claim to have affiliation with Africa, to the ethics and practices of the Rasta faith. The inclusion of white people to the religion has led to a change in their philosophy of skin colour to an orientation of the mind and self- determinism (Johnson-Hill, 1995). Their strict teachings and practices, like any other religion may have protective factors against mental illness however it does not exempt an individual from experiencing mental health difficulties. This article will attempt to highlight the origin of Rastafarianism, spiritual practices and its impact on mental health and mental health practice. Origin of the Rastafari Religion Marcus Garvey was one of the founders of the religion. His middle name Mosiah which was interpreted by people as a link between Biblical Moses and the Messiah was very significant to his followers and turned the United Negro Improvement Association to a worldwide movement. Garvey used Biblical suggestion of Ethiopia as a place of return to Africa and also predicted to his followers to Look to Africa for the crowning of a Black King; he shall be the Redeemer (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). As Barrett (1988) pointed out, this prophecy to all of Garveys followers existed in their minds until in 1930, when Ras Tafari the great grandson of King Saheka Selassie was crowned Emperor of Ethiopia. He took up the name Haile Selassie (Might of the Trinity) and other titles as King of Kings, Lord of Lords, Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah, Elect of God and Light of the World and placed himself in the dynasty of King Solomon (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). Many Jamaicans and followers of the United Negro Improvement Association saw the coronation as a revelation from God and the fulfilment of the prophecy predicted earlier by Marcus Garvey. The fundamental idea of Ethiopianism and Messianism were put together by the Garvey movement whose task was to rebuild Africa shattered by the invasion of the colonialists (Chevannes, 1998). Rastafarians soon accredited themselves as part of the twelve tribes of the biblical Israel and identified with Haile Selassie as the redeemer or messiah who would lead them away from the white oppression (Babylon) with a promise of a return to Africa (Barrett, 1988). Johnson-Hill (1995) pointed out that although some followers of the faith returned to Ethiopia, others now see this mission as a psychological self discovery and personal attribute to Africa; its culture and way of life. Rastafarian beliefs, rituals and practices The Bible is of great importance to the practice of Rastafarianism but only some of its content is peculiar to the religion. However the Rasta believes in the Bible as having higher power to expose evil. They have nurtured for themselves a wide range of beliefs and spiritual practices with support from their interpretation of various texts in the Bible (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). The Rastafarians are persuaded that God is black and support their doctrine with Biblical text in Jeremiah 8:21. A reverence of Haile Selassie is very vital to the Rasta as he is perceived as a living god and returned messiah linking him to the lineage of King Solomon. The distinct characteristics of Haile Selassie is divine to the followers of Rastafarianism but to some he is an incarnation of God who is called Jah or combined as Jah-Rastafari which they support with Biblical verses in Revelations 5:2-5, Psalms 68:4 and Psalm 87:3-4. (Barrett, 1988). Chevannes (1994) points out that twice every week, the Bobo Shantis who are the strict followers of the religion use prayer and fasting and drumming as an essential part of the Rastafarian faith. On these occasions, nothing whatsoever passes their lips from noon to sunset amid worship in their temple. Prayer is predominately done three times every day, where the believer prostrates facing east at sunrise, noon and sunset. These religious beliefs and practices clearly have implications for mental health practice. The general believe in the Rastafarian religion is peace and their denouncement of violence. Sometimes this non-violent way of life is highly unachievable due to their socioeconomic strata and the militant affiliation of one section of the religion, the Nyahbingi order that might support violence. The Rastafarians lifestyle and day to day activities began as a deviation from societys norms and the formation of a cohesive unit. Protest against authority brought about violence in the early days of the founding of the religion (Johnson-Hill, 1995). The Bobo Shantis (a sect of Rastafarianism), are self mindful non violent people who wear their dreadlock hair under turbans. They desist from amassing wealth and property with a notion of living a very simple life similar to the lifestyle and practices of the ancient Israelites while observing the Sabbath weekly from Friday evening through Saturday evening (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). Another division of the Rastafarian religion is the twelve tribes of Israel which have larger and diverse followers. Each tribe is associated with a month of the year according to the names of the twelve tribes of Israel and members are deemed equal in status although they may function differently (Barrett, 1988). In the Rastafarian religion, women are seen as less superior beings and obtain the faiths thorough divine wisdom through their husband, or partner (Barrett, 1988). This indicates the possibility of Rastafarian men treating women inhumanely and possibly preventing them from accessing mental health services and treatment. There are some traditional practices which bear similarities in the practices of Rastafarians where in the public place, women must wear ankle length dresses, and hair must be covered during ritual proceedings. Rasta women are exempt from cooking when menstruating and in certain situation they are placed in seclusion (Chevannes, 1998). Although these are beliefs and custom held by the Rastafarians, it is evident that it can cause oppression to the woman, and can be a contributing factor of mental illness. Another belief or practice that can have implications for the treatment of mental illness is the Rastafarians placing a valuable importance on nature. It is seen as an endowment of Jah for healing and sanctification of mankind (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). As a result of this view, they reject unnatural things relevant to life including medical treatment, rather preferring the natural herbal use. The use of cannabis referred to by the Rastafarians as the herb, weed or ganja is believed to have been found on the grave of King Solomon and it is to aid in gaining insight into life, have a clear conscience and meditating in worship (Barrett, 1988). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Cannabis and mental health A feature that people attribute to Rastafarianism is the use of cannabis. To the Rastafarian smoking cannabis is a special spiritual experience and help in their meditation as well as enlightens their mind. A procedure referred to as reasoning. The ritualistic way involving cleansing and prayer before using cannabis is sacred to them. Smoking cannabis without purpose is regarded as disrespectful to a Rasta (Barrett, 1988). To the Rastafarian, it is their right to use cannabis but its cultivation and possession according to the law is illegal and warrants a police caution or arrest (Home Office, 2009). In a medical context, the association between cannabis sativa commonly known as cannabis, marijuana, weed, or herb and psychosis has been raised. Cannabis sativa is exceptional for producing different types of cannabinoids but the most powerful type associated with psychosis is the Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which also contains carbon monoxide and carcinogens found in tobacco (Ashton, 1999). The THC content in cannabis has dramatically augmented over the years due to the advanced ways by which the plant is cultivated. The increased potency of cannabis nowadays may expose users to high doses of THC. In a study conducted by Reilly et al., (1998) using 268 long term users of cannabis with regular usage of at least three times per week, the subjects gave reasons for their cannabis use as mainly for relaxation, having a feel good effect and to alleviate stressors in their day to day lives. They however reported feelings of anxiety or depression, lack of motivation, exhibition of paranoid ideation and some also reported respiratory symptoms. Beer (2007) explained that certain individuals with a Valine modification in the dopamine-regulating COMT (catechol-O-methyl transferase) gene are vulnerable to developing psychosis and cannabis can exacerbate psychosis in individuals with this defect in their genome. Experiments conducted by DSouza et al (2004) described the existence of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia in the healthy people in their study who were given cannabis intravenously and also a transient acute psychotic episode in others. Early commencement of cannabis u se on a frequent basis was noted as a strong predictor in the individuals future addiction to cannabis and an important relation to depression (Kalant, 2004). He further showed that there is evidence that memory and information processing in the children of women who are chronic users of cannabis were permanently affected and a susceptibility to other illicit drugs dependence in later life owing to early exposure. Still exploring the impact of cannabis use on mental health, Ashton (1999) has indicated the pharmacokinetics of cannabinoids as it enters the lungs into the blood stream and the effect it precipitates. As the cannabis smoke is inhaled or taken orally, its effect is noticed within minutes and evoking a physiological and physical effects in users. In the bloodstream, the cannabinoids are circulated quickly to parts of the body requiring high blood demand like the brain, liver and lungs. In the brain, cannabinoids like THC act as agonist at the CB1 receceptors which is only found in the brain and a second one is also located in peripheral tissues especially in the immune system (Iversen, 2003). Studies have shown that these CB1 receptors are predominately confined to axons and nerve terminals but not in the dendrites or body of the neurons. These receptors have a presynatic mechanism in origin and modify the release of neurotransmitters which are mainly found in the basal ganglia, cerebellum, hypothalamus, anterior cingulated cortex, hippocampus and cerebral cortex (Levenes et al., 1998). Chronic cannabis use is linked to memory, learning impairment and cognitive function which are allied with the cortex and the hippocampus with subsequent mental health deficit (Iversen, 2003). Impaired judgement by these users relates to disruption in their decision making. This effect of cannabis on the brain explains the effect of the amount of dopamine released corresponds to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia whereby excessive production of dopamine is associated with symptoms of schizophrenia (Johns, 2001). There is an extensive research highlighting the adverse effect cannabis has on ones mental state most especially in chronic or regular users. The capacity of cannabis is to generate a high, a notion widely associated with its use. Its abuse or addiction is related to substantial pre-morbid psychopathology (affective and personality disorders as well as psychotic disorders). The intense reaction it gives is ecstatic otherwise a euphoric, detached and relaxed feeling which may persevere with perpetual use of cannabis (Johns, 2001). Patriarchal structure and mental health implication While the woman signifies an enchanting pleasure to men and also satisfying their partners desires by not showing dissatisfaction or allowed to complain about anything in the Rastafarian faith, she is thought to denote a specific hazard to their men. Rastafarians believe that a woman is of such wayward nature that only through her male spouse, her king-man, may she attain the enlightenment of Jah (Chevannes, 1998). Using Biblical context of Adam and Eve and Samson and Delilahs experiences, Rastafarian men do not trust their women folk. This feature of the Rasta faith which has societys condemnation is the issue of dissimilarity in gender and a patriarchy practice. In certain Rastafarian communities, some of these sexist ideas results in women being marginalised, seen as inferior and a source of sin. There is a concept about women being submissive to their men folk and always show respect as well as do what they ask which is very contradictory or antithesis to their belief about human equality (Johnson-Hill, 1995). This oppression and control can lead to emotional and physical abuse in the women. Domestic violence arises when a partner considers dictating and gaining control of the other partner. Most often abusers are of the male gender and the need to dominate may arise from low self esteem, extreme inferiority issues in socioeconomic and educational status, excessive anger and jealousy. Inten se traditional beliefs or cultural practices may influence peoples behaviours as they grow either witnessing these practices of abuse from childhood or being victims of abuse themselves and the subsequent development to think it is right to control and abuse women (Briere, 1996). This occurrence of jealousy, insecurity and all forms of abuse with the situation of intimate relationship are common (Spiegel, 2003). Abuse is often thought as a physical abuse but emotional and verbal aspects can be as damaging as that of the physical. In many situations of abuse, these women will seldom report such incidences and only in serious proportions resulting in injuries and death reaches the attention of the authorities. Women experiencing this ordeal of pain and trauma in their relationships are referred to seek mental health and psychological interventions (Salter, 1995). In a cross-sectional survey comprising of 432 women who attended walk-in clinics, Maharaj et al (2010) used the Woman Abuse Screening Test (WAST) and showed a major association between abuse in mental health disorders in the patients especially depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder. A longitudinal study conducted by Roberts et al (1999) with women aged between 16 to 74 years, who were treated at the accident and emergency department investigated the features of symptoms and precedents of mental illness associated with domestic violence and abuse. Their findings showed similarities with other results highlighted in other research which identified that women who suffer abuse in their adult lives suffered an impact on their mental health and other women who experienced similar abuse in their childhood as well as adult life also had a significant difficulty in their mental health than women in the control group who were women not abused in any form. These studies clearly indicate an association between abuse and mental health problems. It also indicates that addressing the issues of abuse is paramount to religious beliefs and practices in mental health practice. The other implication it has on mental health practice is; professionals ability to carry out accurate ri sk assessment and subsequently manage risk in the light of these complex beliefs and practices. Rastafarianism and the vegans syndrome The Rasta believes that it is wrong to eat the carcass of animals because then the body is being converted into a burial ground (Chevannes, 1994). Most Rastafarians will not eat animal meat, some will eat fish but not eat shellfish and the consumption of milk by some is viewed as not coming from dead animals. They will not eat fruit that has been altered from its natural form nor any food that has been processed. In vegan diet, there is a low concentration of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a vital component of the synthesis of DNA and has been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders (Lerner and Kanevsky, 2002). Vitamin B12 contributes an important part in the maintenance of homeostasis in the nervous and the transport systems (haematology). The daily dietary recommendation is 2.5 Â µg and only produced naturally by some microorganisms unlike humans who have to obtain it from their diet especially in dairy products, eggs, fish and meat (Catalano et al., 1998). A decline in the level of vitamin B12 causes anaemia, a rise in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), haematocrit and haemoglobin and some patients are found to have normal blood levels but deficient in this vitamin which can prove difficult to diagnose. Its role in the disorders of a neuropsychiatric is understudied, however several research cited by Catalano et al (1998) in their article has postulated toxic levels in homocysteine, axonal demylenition of neurons are a cause of deficiency in vitamin B12 and an association with mental health difficulties. It has proven a challenge to diagnose, as the psychiatric symptoms sometimes can present with or without hematologic or neurological appearance (Sabeen and Holroyd, 2009). There is a correlation between vitamin B12 deficiency and different types of psychiatric and neurological deficits. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) plays an important role as a coenzyme in human metabolism which contributes to the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as d opamine, serotonin and noradrenalin. Defects in these neurotransmitters can lead to a decline in mental state and subsequently evolve into a psychiatric disorder (Hutto, 1997). Symptoms of a psychiatric nature that is accredited to a deficiency to vitamin B12 are a decline in cognitive function, confusion, delirium, depression, acute psychosis (agitation, paranoia, hallucination) and a rare schizophrenia presentation. In the older adult patients, there are reported cases of dementia and catatonic presentation and other patients presented with neurological deficit like paresthesias, ataxia and other sensory impairments (N. Berry, Sagar and Tripathi, 2003). Recommendations It is very evident that the religious beliefs and practices of Rastafarians have implications for mental health and mental health practice. It will be recommended that; Practice Rastafarians have nurtured a phonological scheme of words into a new framework of the English language which is heavily accented. This exclusive way of communicating might obstruct the clinicians task in mental health assessment of a Rastafarian. Health professionals ought to be aware of the variations in making accurate assessments. This will include sometimes consulting people with in-depth knowledge. Secondly, a thorough spiritual assessment needs to be considered especially if the patient is a practising Rastafarian as spiritual practices like chanting, fasting and their dietary needs to be adhered to and some of the beliefs and practices can be construed as symptoms. Raising awareness of vitamin B12 deficiency and its relation to psychiatric symptoms among healthcare professionals is essential to provide understanding to the vegan syndrome in these people who presents as anaemic or neuro-psychiatric disorder or both. Training regarding this causality of deficiency in vitamin B12 and psychosis should be ruled out when these group of people present with symptoms of a psychiatric nature. During any psychological or psychiatric assessment of the Rastafarian women, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of abuse and in- depth exploration into the likelihood of abuse in order to safeguard the individual. Psychological intervention could also play an important part in ensuring their well being if identified of suffering abuse. Cannabis use and its association with psychotic illness should not be undermined. Patients and their carers need to be educated about the risks of cannabis use. Staff should set up groups to educate and help patients to be abstinent. Training and Education In pre qualification training, health professionals need to be educated on the existence of such beliefs and practices and its impact on mental health assessment and management despite this group being little. Subsequently, post qualification training in religious, cultural and spiritual needs has to begin exploring the needs of this minority group. Furthermore, training in techniques such as motivational interviewing will be invaluable. Education of the general public as a whole is also important, and followers of the Rastafarian faith should be encouraged to include products like milk or take vitamin B12 supplements in their diets. Research Further research into the Rastafarian beliefs and practices and its implications for mental health need to be carried out as this is limited and almost non-existent Conclusion It has been established that the beliefs and practices of Rastafarians has implications for mental health and mental health practice. The differences between Rastafarianism and other typical religion are myriad, including: no set membership, no ordained or commanding leader, and as a whole there is association with the outside world. In certain societies, Rastafarians have been described as a religious group exhibiting delusions. The negative analysis needs to be questioned because it suggests a misinterpretation of the ideals of the religion and encourages the incorrect concept that their beliefs are atypical to notions of other religious movements. Despite these diverse ideas, it should be highlighted that Rastafarians, like other religions; Christians, Muslims, Buddhist etc are susceptible of having mental health difficulties. Diagnosis and management should be based on clinical examination and a holistic understanding of the person, in order to provide an appropriate medical, religious and cultural sensitive care.

Antiglycation Studies of Pd(II)-Hydrazide Complexes

Antiglycation Studies of Pd(II)-Hydrazide Complexes Introduction Glycation is a non-enzymatic spontaneous reaction between sugars and coexisting protein followed by a complex cascade of reactions including dehydration, redox reaction and other rearrangements [1, 2] forming advanced glycation end products (AGEs) [3]. Glycation reactions depend on the generation of reactive oxygen species by trace amounts of redox active metal ions [4] and on the degree and duration of hyperglycemia in vivo [5]. Glycation damages the collagen and elastin throughout the body. It is generally accepted that accumulation of tissue AGEs together with enhanced oxidative stress has an important role in the progression of aging and diabetic complications including retinopathy, neuropathy, embryopathy, delayed healing of wounds and others [6-10]. The increase in diabetic complications is the major cause of increased morbidity and mortality rate that has enhanced considerably in the two decades [11]. It has been estimated that the number of cases of DM will reach to 366 milli on by 2030 [12, 13] showing in fact a great challenge to healthcare systems [14]. The failure of existing antidiabetic drugs are forcing researchers to find out new inhibitors of proteins responsible for glycation in order to have a long term and sustainable solution for management of diabetes and age-related diseases. Protein Glycation The protein glycation, also called Millard reaction, involves non-enzymatic coupling of proteins with reducing sugars eventually producing advanced end products. The glycation is a spontaneous reaction, which stimulates the degradation of proteins with modification of their structures and biological activity [1-3]. Various reducing sugars including glucose, lactose, fructose, xylose, deoxyribose and galactose may take part in protein glycation [15]. Chemistry and Mechanism of Protein Glycation The protein glycation process initiates with the reaction of carbonyl (keto or aldehydic) group of reducing sugar with free amino group of protein forming a labile Schiff base 16. This is called early stage of glycation. The Schiff bases are then transformed through Amadori rearrangement into comparatively stable compounds known as Amadori products. At acidic pH or under oxidative conditions, the Amadori products or Schiff bases undergo degradation generating extremely reactive 1, 2-dicarbonyl compounds, such as methylglyoxal (Figure 94) 17-21. The formation of protein dicarbonyls through a protein enediol may generate superoxide radicals in the presence of transition metal ions and molecular oxygen 22. The superoxide radicals can be converted into most reactive hydroxyl radical via Fenton reaction 7. The reactive carbonyl compounds subsequently react with amino groups of neighboring proteins producing protein dicarbonyl compounds, which further contribute in the formation of various types of protein crosslinks and adducts called ‘Advanced Glycation End Products’ (AGEs). The autoxidation of Amadori products to AGEs is described as glycoxidation process. Figure 94. Structures of some reactive dicarbonyl glycation intermediates Advanced Glycation End Products The advanced glycation end products (AGEs) comprise a complex heterogeneous group of compounds produced primarily through the reaction of reactive carbonyls and proteins. AGEs demonstrate to have diverse molecular biological functions and structures 18, 23]. The amino, sulphydryl and guanidinum functional groups occurring in the intracellular and extracellular proteins are the main targets of reactive carbonyl compounds. Various AGEs have been recognized in different tissues that can be categorized into three major groups: fluorescent cross-linked AGEs (e.g. pentosidine and crossline), non-fluorescent cross-linked AGEs (e.g. alkyl formyl glycosyl pyrrole and arginine-lysine imidazole cross-links) and non-cross linked AGEs (e.g. pyrraline and N-(carboxylmethyl) lysine) 18. The structures of some AGEs are presented in Figure 95. Figure 95. Structures of selected advanced glycation end products Factors Affecting the Formation of AGEs In physiological environment, the generation of AGEs is a relatively slow process. Accordingly, the AGEs accumulation is dominant in long-lived structural proteins, for instance, tissue collagens and lens crystallins. The oxidative conditions are known to accelerate the formation of AGEs, which slows down under anaerobic environment [24]. The transition metal ions may induce the auto-oxidation of sugars to produce keto aldehydes and hydrogen peroxide that speed up the formation of AGEs [25]. The amount of AGEs formed is increased as a function of time and concentration of glucose and hence the AGEs formation is enhanced with aging and under diabetic conditions [26]. Site Specificity of Glycation of Proteins Glycation of protein is considered as a specific reaction; however, it is less specific compared to enzymatic glycosylation. Glycation often takes place at specialized site in the protein, such as the substrate binding site (e.g. Arg-39) of RNase, the allosteric site (e.g. ÃŽ ²V1) of hemoglobin, and the drug binding sites (e.g. Arg-410) on albumin [27]. The specificity of glycation may be determined by endogenous ligands and the structure of protein especially an amino acid sequence within the protein. The specificity of protein glycation is usually affected by both basic and acidic neighboring groups [28], either via catalysis of Amadori rearrangement (the rate-limiting step of protein glycation), or via effecting pKa of amino group that contributes in enhancing its nucleophilicity and formation kinetics of Schiff bases. This shows that there is a variation in the respective rate and extent of glycation shown by amino groups in the protein. The anionic ligands also catalyze the pote ntial glycation of proteins at specific sites [27]. Exogenous Sources of AGEs The formation of AGEs via Maillard reaction was originally described for physical and chemical changes occurring during heating of food [29]. Beside the natural formation of AGEs inside the body, there are some exogenous sources of increased AGEs including diet enriched with AGEs and smoking. The extent of absorption of AGEs ingested with food is very small [30]. However, there is a strong relationship of AGEs circulating in the human body with the AGEs ingested [31]. It has been investigated that tobacco smoke increases the formation of AGEs on plasma proteins due to containing some products, which produce protein crosslinks and AGE-like fluorescence and mutagenicity [32]. For example, the diarbonyl compounds, glyoxal and metbylglyoxal, are most likely to be present in cigarette smoke that act as mediators of AGE formation and formed by thermal decomposition of existing saccharides. Accordingly, the serum of diabetic smokers reveals enhanced levels of AGEs relative to diabetic non-smokers [33]. Similarly, the smokers are more susceptible to incidence of cataract, cardiovascular and lungs diseases as compared to non-smokers due to smoke-mediated AGEs formation [34]. Toxicity or Pathological Conditions Associated to Glycation and AGEs Formation The AGEs are more prone to proteolysis and degradation as compared to the original proteins. The accumulation of AGEs has toxic biological effects, causing disruption of many cellular processes leading to various pathologies. The AGEs as well as intermediate glycation products such as reactive carbonyls induce the production of free radicals in vitro and in vivo [35, 36] and hence increased oxidative stress [37]. The glycation-mediated free radicals are the major cause of protein fragmentation as well as oxidation of lipids (lipid peroxidation) and nucleic acids [7]. The reactive dicarbonyls have ability to bind with naturally active proteins of diverse physiology via intra- and inter-molecular cross linking resulting in deactivation of enzymes, transcription factors, membrane transporters and signaling components with eventual protein degradation and cytotoxicity [38-40]. The AGEs also bind to cell membrane receptors inducing signal cascades leading to inappropriate gene expressions and cellular activities [18]. The elevated level of AGEs in tissues has a strong correlation with severity of diabetic complications [41, 42]. This is because of modification of enzymatic activity in multiple ways including binding of ligand, change in protein half life, increased membrane permeability, decreased binding ability of insulin to its receptors, increased atherogenicity of LPL and variation in the immunogenicity [43-45]. The main diabetic complications include impaired wound healing and the serious damage and failure of various vital organs such as kidneys (nephropathy), nerves (neuropathy), eyes (cataract, retinopathy), blood vessels (atherosclerosis) and heart (cardiomyopathy) [11, 34, 46, 47]. The AGEs formation is also associated to aging, Alzheimer’s disease and other chronic disorders [17, 10, 48-50]. Natural Biological Defense Mechanism against Glycation and AGEs The human body presents a certain mechanism to inhibit the glycation of protein and resulting AGEs formation. For example, ÃŽ ±-keto-glutaraldehyde dehydrogenase, a liver enzyme, has a capability to inactive 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), Arnadori-derived reactive intermediate and hence prevents the generation of AGEs [41]. The other enzymes such as aldose reductase and glyoxylase system (I and II) can catalyze the deglycation of reactive intermediate methylglyoxal into D-lactase [51]. Amadoriases are the group of enzymes found in Aspergillus, which catalyze the deglycation of Amadori products [52]. Some NADPH-dependant exogenous enzymes such as aldose reductase and oxoaldehyde reductase that metabolize ÃŽ ±-dicarbonyls, have the ability to reduce 3-DG and thus regulate the formation of AGEs [53]. Similarly, different plasma amines may reduce AGEs formation through reaction with carbonyl groups of sugar and Amadori compounds [54]. Antioxidants such as vitamin E and vitamin C, provide prote ction against glycation-mediated free radicals, whereas, ceruloplasmin and other transport proteins bind with transition metal ions such as Cu2+, preventing them to take part in glycoxidation reactions or autoxidative glycation [55]. Inhibition of Protein Glycation and AGEs Several attempts have been made earlier to explore pharmacologically active antiglycating agents to prevent or slow down the production of AGEs [56]. The major side effects associated with antiglycation therapy limit the use and necessitate the discovery of new inhibitors of glycation with reduced toxicity and long half life to be implicated for large time span. Currently, two therapeutic strategies are highly successful having great effectiveness against diabetic complications and normal aging; one is the inhibition of formation of AGEs and other is the breaking of already established AGEs cross-linkages [57]. Promising Inhibitors of Glycation with Their Mechanism of Inhibition The antiglycating agents such as aminoguanidine, rutin, antioxidants, aspirin and other AGEs breakers have been examined extensively and received great interest. The structures of some potential antiglycating agents are depicted in Figure 96. Aminoguanidine Aminoguanidine is a derivative of hydrazine that inhibits the generation of AGEs and glucose-derived collagen cross-links during in vitro studies [58]. Aminoguanidine does not act on already formed AGEs but it reacts with reactive Amadori products such as 3-deoxyglucosone preventing additional rearrangements and intermediates crosslinking [59]. In addition, aminoguanidine is a free radical scavenger that contributes in reducing oxidative stress [60]. The treatment of diabetic animal models with aminoguanidine reduces AGEs accumulation, kidney lesions, albuminuria and long-term diabetic complications including retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy [61]. Aminoguanidine also exerts positive effect on the speed of nerve conduction [22]. Aminoguanidine therapy is limited by serious toxic effects attributable to high reactivity, subliminal concentrations and rapid renal clearance. The human trials with aminoguanidine experience vasculitis (inflammation of lymph or blood vessel), liver fu nction abnormalities [62] and less frequent flu-like symptoms, nausea and headache [63]. Figure 96. Structures of some potential antiglycating agents Aspirin Acetylsalicylic acid commonly known as aspirin is an analgesic has well known analgesic drug that also shows the preventive action against formation of cataract under diabetic conditions. Aspirin may limit the sugar-mediated formation of Amadori products by acetylation of free amino residues of proteins. Aspirin also stops the crosslinking of tendon in rat tail in vitro through inhibition of glycoxidation. Furthermore, aspirin is a free radical scavenger [64]. However, the use of aspirin is unlikely in controlling late diabetic complications because of some serious gastrointestinal side effects [41]. Rutin Rutin is a common flavonoid of vegetables and fruits that modulates the AGEs generation in vitro. The flavonoids including rutin that contain vicinal dihydroxyl groups have established their significant role as antiglycating agents. The mechanism of inhibition by rutin is suggested to involve the trapping of amino groups in proteins at early stage of glycation, especially in ketoamine formation, by rutin metabolites like keto-quinone intermediates. Rutin has shown significant inhibitory effect against hemoglobin glycation and it is more efficient compared to aminoguanidine [65]. Antioxidnats Since non-enzymatic glycation of protein is significantly accelerated by excessive generation of free radicals, the antioxidants and other free radical scavengers are expected to inhibit the process of glycation [24]. For example, vitamin E has been reported to appreciably reduce the glycation of hemoglobin [66]. The compounds that exhibit both antioxidant and antiglycation properties e.g. aminosalicylic acid, can protect endothelial cells with better efficacy than aminoguanidine against adverse effects of glycation and high glucose levels in vitro [46]. Similarly, carnosine that is a naural antioxidant and antiglycating agent, inhibits sugar-induced cross-linking of proteins by reaction with methylglyoxal and also sequesters metal ions (e.g. copper and zinc). Carnosine has shown its role in the treatment of cataracts and other diseases [67]. The glycation-derived free radicals generation may be reduced by chelation of transition metal ions, which are responsible for monosaccharide a utoxidation. For instance, the metal chelator, diethylenetriamine penta acetic acid has shown the inhibition of glucose autoxidation [68, 69]. AGE-Breakers AGE-breakers are the compounds, which remove AGEs cross-links through breakdown of ÃŽ ±-dicarbonyl bonds in glucose-derived cross-links of proteins [70]. However, the exact mechanism of inhibition for cross-link breaking is unclear so far. N-phenacylthiazolium bromide (PTB) and its chloride form, alagebrium chloride (ALT-711) are the examples of AGE-breakers. It has been demonstrated that the increased arterial stiffness related to diabetes is successfully reversed through a short treatment with AGE-breaker, ALT-711. The cardiovascular stiffness related to normal aging process can also be reduced by ALT-711. For example, the treatment of normal aged dogs with AGE cross-link breaker has shown noticeable decrease in stiffness of left ventricle chamber [71]. The clinical trial studies on diabetic humans, dogs and other animals indicate the potentially promising use of antiglycation therapy in near future to prevent diabetic complications and other diseases related to protein glycation [56].

We Need Stronger Child Support Laws Essay -- Argumentative, Persuasive

The amount of child support cases in arrears would decline if a few things were changed, hopefully providing incentives to pay child support on time and regularly. There are also harsher consequences that could be carried out to prevent future mistakes. There are things being done, but is it enough? As it stands the noncustodial parent can face loss of visitation, probation, and even jail time for none payment of child support. By not enforcing court ordered child support and making examples out of those who are not in compliance, we are sending out a message that child support is more of an option than a legal obligation. Think about the ones who are really suffering here, the children involved. There are many low-income families who are not receiving court ordered child support simply because they cannot afford the legal representation and court costs to fight for what they are legally entitled to. What should be done to start helping in these cases? The Office of the Attorney General Child Support Division is set up to help parents locate non-custodial parents who have not paid their child support. This is a free service; they also help provide the custodial parent with information regarding government programs including: Medicaid, TANIF, Food Stamps, and WIC. They can help you get health insurance if the non-custodial parent is not covering those expenses. The government help is easy to obtain only requiring information that would be easily obtained like proof of income, household members, SSN, expenses, and other personnel information. Once you have filed a case with them they will send paperwork to fill out, this will consist of; the noncustodial parents full legal name , last known address, last known telephone number,... ...e best interest of their children. It’s not the amount of child support that is being paid that is important while you are doing the best you can for your children and supporting them the best way you can. Enforcing child support and having greater punishments are not just to make the nonpaying parents lives more difficult but to ensure a better life for their children. Works Cited (Texas Child Support Enforcement Resource Center, 2011) Retrieved from http://www.supportcollectors.com/resources_texas.php#stats (Huffington Post UK, 2011) Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2011/09/02/child-support-dodgers-mos_n_946102.html#s348352&title=Ive_Become_A (Texas' child support collection data presents varied picture, 2010) Retrieved from http://www.txcn.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/texassouthwest/legislature/stories/080310dntexnuchild.2b72be0.html

Interactive Cable Archives and Videoconferencing :: Technology Education Curriculum Essays

Interactive Cable Archives and Videoconferencing The integration of technology into curriculum and instructional practices in P-12 education has been gaining momentum in classroom reform across the nation (Mowre-Popiel, Pollard, & Pollard, 1994). Interactive and digital technologies are now recognized as tools by which educators can bring unique resources into the classroom (Schutte, 1998; Wise, 2002) and engage students in dynamic, self-constructed learning (Branzburg, 2001). The use of technology as a tool that supports instruction and learning is transforming the traditional way of teaching; both digital and geographically located resources now offer an enriched content that was not available to earlier generations (Branzburg, 2001). As a result, many authors and researchers believe that the use of technology within educational settings will serve to motivate students to learn more, both with and without teacher assistance, effectively promoting increased cognitive development (Gernstein, 2000; Wise, 2002). While there are many projects involving the utilization of interactive and digital technologies in classroom instruction (Buckle, 1995; Gernstein, 2000; Warner, 1999; Petersen, 1998), there is limited scientific evidence of its effectiveness in improving teaching and learning when compared to traditional instruction. In addition, there exists almost no literature that illustrates the impact of the combined effect of both digital and video resources. Purpose of the paper The purpose of this paper is to describe the developmental process used to create technology-infused curriculum and the methodology used to document the combined impact of the enriched curriculum and instruction on students’ affective and cognitive domains. In addition, preliminary findings of pilot studies, conducted during the summer and fall of 2003 will be presented. The curriculum unit under study consisted of a civics education unit on the â€Å"Power of the Presidency† prepared for use in grades 7-12 (AP). Technological resources included interactive cable archives and point-to-point videoconferencing. Review of Literature The late 1980’s ushered in a period of change in the American educational context, with a major focus on integrating technology in P-12 classrooms (Dwyer, Ringstaff, & Sandholtz, 1990). Several authors credit this continued use to the belief that technology integration supports philosophies of instruction that perceive each student as a unique learner, thereby aiding in the transformation of teacher-centered classrooms into student-centered settings (Mowre-Popiel, Pollard, & Pollard, 1994; Bork, 1997). Research has provided at least partial support for this belief. Multiple studies have shown that instructional technology enhances learning (e.g. Clouse, 1991-1992; Phillips & Soule, 1992). An early study of technology-supported instruction, conducted by the Educational Testing Service, found that students learned more quickly in a web-based environment, compared to traditional classroom settings (Ragosta, 1982).

A Cultural Problem, an Economic Crisis Essay -- Economics Finance

In the past two years, Western society has experienced what many of its leaders have called the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. At the very least, it has been the worst period of instability that our younger generations have ever seen in their lifetimes. But unlike other financial crises that have largely been triggered by external forces, such as the oil embargoes of the 1970’s, this latest one was a product of our own internal policies and practices; even more so, of our cultural outlooks on the very notion of finance, credit, and debt itself. Specifically, the financial crisis that has just come to pass was the result of the new culture of neo-liberalism and the hyper-individuality and debt-based consumption that it brought with it. What’s worse is that, without an admission of this new culture, or any effort to change it, our current economic system will be regularly plagued with such crises from here on into the future. Before any efforts can be made towards a cultural shift however, we must first understand, at least briefly, the current socio-political ideas that are creating such issues in the modern western market. As Kotz and McDonough put it, â€Å"the concept of ‘global neo-liberalism’ best captures the contemporary social reality.† This ‘new social reality’ was, as they put it, a return to older liberalism, and a retreat from the more government-controlled, Keynesian style of the post-war years. With this relaxing of government control or influence over the markets, we saw an emergence of a new individualistic, and privatized outlook on the market system. Neo-liberalism as doctrine, creed, or culture, or whatever you may call it, became almost something of a throwback to the early days of capitalism... ...olitical Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001. Dumenil, Gerard and Levy, Dominique. â€Å"The economics of US imperialism at the turn of the 21st century,† Review of International Political Economy, 11:4 (2004), pp. 657-676. Retrieved from EBSCO, 21 April 2010. Eichengreen, Barry. â€Å"The Last Temptations of Risk,† National Interest, 101 (2009), pp. 8-14. Retrieved from EBSCO, 21 April 2010. McDonough, Terrence, Michael Reich and David M. Kotz, eds. Contemporary Capitalism and Its Crises: Social Structure of Accumulation Theory for the 21st Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Smart, Barry. Economy, Culture and Society: A sociological critique of neo-liberalism. Buckingham: Open University Press, 2003. Westra, Richard, ed. Confronting Global Neoliberalism: Third World Resistance and Development Strategies. Atlanta: Clarity Press, 2010.

Knowing and believing – religious knowledge

It’s a changing world, the world of anachronism, the world to look at the future with new faith and where after every minute something or other is added in our daily list. The same is true with Knowledge, which is always changing with the change in time and with the change in the people’s attitude and behavior patterns. The knowledge is not a new concept but has been taking the world by stride since centuries but the most important crust of the knowledge is its speed. In the way the technology is changing very fast, the whole concept of imparting and gaining knowledge is also changing very fast.   There has been a considerable shift from the traditional mode of imparting knowledge to the whole new range of knowledge of inventions and studies for the growth and over all development in every sphere of socio-economic, political, religious trends etc. From agricultural to industrial and from social to religious to bestow the knowledge, there are always experts and new range of knowledge expertise in the complexities of new technologies is taking place and in this bid of newness, our desire to know more keep on increasing. There has also been complete change in the receptive capacity of the people towards this knowledge basis expertise. For e.g. Challenge and resistance to dominant technologies, some post modernists see these approaches and the knowledge revolution as more political and democratic whereas risk social theories focus upon the anxieties that are created through the plethora of information that people receive about possible dangers especially in relation to environmental degradation. This knowledge revolution has led to transformation of politics from the traditional political systems and strategies, which have proved incapable of taking contemporary risks and dangers. (Thompson & Woodward _____:122) The knowledge of experts in relation to religion has always captured and dominated the life of people since centuries. The religious minded people have always considered the religious discourse as a norm of the society and followed their traits but now comparatively less number of people are focusing their attention towards the religion and the religion tenets. The reason is simple; the increase in trend towards the knowledge of materialistic world and the worldly pleasures since industrial revolution dug its deep roots in the soil. The pursuit of the scientific journey has superceded the quest for religious knowledge, which Rubert Murdoch has amply explained in the Newsweek for 12th July 1999, Is God Dead?   In the, Open the doors — and where are the people, the study was conducted to amplify the trend of Roman Catholic Bastions in Italy and Ireland. Surveys in the United Kingdom brought out certain facts whereby 75 per cent of the people in Britain have faith in Super Natural powers, but according to the opinion polls, there has been downfall of the belief in God from 45 per cent in 1947 to 37 percent in 1987. The Mass observation survey in 1947 showed that there had been a wide spread belief in God but not among Orthodox Christian lines. (Thompson & Woodward   ________ :52) This amplifies that people are least inclined in attaining the religious knowledge. The most important reason being the explosion of the private bodies into the religion posing questions and defying the conventions of the traditional religious beliefs held by the people with utmost generosity and faith. The other most important cause is the popularity or secularization so profoundly spread by the leaders of the Modern age and basically of secular functions which were earlier performed by the welfare bodies like religious, education and state which were taken over by the state. (Thompson & Woodward _____ :44) Moreover, fun and leisure activities have profoundly replaced the organized form of religious activities. And the third reason is the change and shift of the religious thoughts towards more research and thinking over science and other related field of studies. (Thompson & Woodward _______ :44) Karen Armstrong, in one of the articles in the accompanying article to Fredrick Nietsche, says that since 1970s, religion has once again entered in the domain of the society in such a manner that was being considered as impossible. â€Å"The Iranian revolution was a grand success in the Middle East and at the same time the moral majority and the right of the Christians captured the emotions and the mood of the people endeavored to bring back God in the public life whereas ultra orthodox Jews as well as Zionists have also strived to bring religion back in the lives of Isreali people. With this it is amply true that no Government can deny religion. The assassinations of Anwar Sidat in Egypt and of Yitzhat Rabin in Isreal are reminders of lethal danger of some forms of modern faith.† (Thompson & Woodward _______ :44). Though this statement is a proven fact that it is the knowledge for religion that is gaining momentum in almost all over the world but when it comes to Science, the knowledge for religious quest takes a back seat. The simplest reason is that the religious knowledge is only based on faith and as said by Ken Thompson & Kate Woodward â€Å"Truths Believed†; on the other hand the scientific knowledge is based on the investigations, discoveries and research. To reveal and prove the authenticity and belief in their respective domains, there was a public controversy in the nineteenth century. In the debate that followed in 1860 at Oxford, scientist T.H Huxley said that, â€Å"I would rather be descended from an Ape than a bishop†. (Thompson & Woodward _______ :45) But not all scientists disagreed with the evolution of God. Charles Darwin in his â€Å"Origin of Species† in 1859 has faith in the God but not in the religion. (Thompson & Woodward _______ :45) The diversities in the scientific world like in Natural Sciences, there is a common belief among many that Science are related to religion. For e.g. Teil Hard De Chardin, a Jesuit priest and Paleontologist, in 1950s integrated biological and spiritual evolution in a theory of cosmogenesis, which was the blend of science, theology and poetry. Social Scientists tried to take a middle path emphasizing on the fact that without religious beliefs, there is no spiritual growth and satisfaction but they too defy the orthodox religious tenets believing in the religious thoughts and ideologies. Gender also plays the most important role in posing the question regarding the aspect whether the knowledge of experts in the religious tenets became more or less important in the contemporary society or not? People also tend to believe that Science has provided us with various answers to the questions but there is no answer as far as questions on morality and emotional aspects of our lives are concerned. This has been answered in the New Age beliefs in which large and large number of people are turning their faith towards spiritual powers like in alternative medicines and green issues to meditation and therapy as a form of ancient knowledge like Alchemy, astrology, myth, dream work, Earth mysteries, Fang Sui. (Thompson & Woodward ______:62) Some believe that these new age beliefs are taking secular dimensions and have taken shape after the combination of scientific and pseudo scientific ideas and provides moral meaning to our lives, but the science and scientists have no answer to moral meaning. As a result, gap is always left between new age phenomenon on spirituality and scientific thoughts and knowledge. It is amply true that though Science is posing challenge to the religion and religious tenets yet the religious knowledge is still finding its place in this modernization and high technological world though the essence and the way of the religious teachings is changing with the change in time. Religious knowledge has been imparted to the public in totally different way and in different form than the scientific knowledge. Religion is a revelatory knowledge whereas Science is an empirical proof and this makes religion more challenging while confronting this scientific knowledge. In the United Kingdom itself, the change in the form and status of religious knowledge has produced uncertainties and different new opportunities. Women are defying the age-old religious conventions of patriarchal hierarchies to produce their own concept of spirituality. Then the muti-faith societies are opening new chapters to define their own religious thoughts and conceptions on spirituality. Over and above, the new age knowledge is also raising questions on established religious norms; Gender and ethnicity are also shaping the religious thoughts and perspectives. (Thompson & Woodward ______ :72) The effects of these new approaches are being seen and felt everywhere and in every sphere of our lives. Whenever we are confronted with any issue to find out truth, we are embroiled with different aspects towards the true knowledge. We have diverted from factual realization towards feelings. In this sense, it is amply true that though importance is being given to the knowledge of experts in the contemporary world but the trend, form and way of thinking have changed. Reference List Surname, Initial(s). Date. Title. Edition. Place of Publication: Publisher Thompson K. & Woodward K. ______ Knowing and Believing: Religious Knowledge.         

Continuum Of Care Outline Essay

I. IntroductionII. StakeholdersA. The interpretation of the roles of various stakeholders in the wellness fretfulness industry who argon involved in the continuum of concern (University of Phoenix, 2015).1. Who the patients ar.2. Who the employees are.3. Who the payers are.4. Who the providers are.B. How the component contributes to or detracts from the general management of health tutorship resources (University of Phoenix, 2015).1. Is this a positive or negative adjoin?III. Services provided and employees role(s).A. Discuss the work provided and how these serve fit into the continuum of alimony (University of Phoenix, 2015).1. What services are provided?2. How do these services fit into the continuum of care?3. The role of transitioning patients from one level of care to another in the health care continuum (University of Phoenix, 2015).See more 5 paragraph essay format B. Description of the health care oral communication components role in providing services (University of Phoenix, 2015).1. Who provides these services?2. How the services are delivered.IV. Current and succeeding(a) of Home wellness bidA. What are the current trends and how they are changing?B. What the potential difference trends are.1. How these potential trends will change delivery components and services in the in store(predicate).2. Accommodating for the future trends.V. The Characteristics of Integrated Delivery System (IDS)A. Health Care organizations.B. Community health.VI. ConclusionReferencesUniversity of Phoenix. (2015). Continuum of Care Presentation. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, HCS/235-Health Care Delivery in the U.S. website.

My Beach Memories

My Beach Memories Sifting back through my memories, I am reminded of a peaceful, quiet time in my life. My mind drifts own back to a happy place of relaxation and tranquility. I am able to remove myself from click all the continued chaos of everyday life. Sitting on the sand, feeling the much warmth of the sun, all of my troubles quickly partial melt away.Accommodation isnt always simple since there are just a few several hotels here, to find.Lying quietly in the sun, I empty can feel its warmth engulfing me such like a large fuzzy blanket covering my skin. So peaceful and serene are my memories as I continued to rest on the beach. I can stand still hear the crash of the water against the rocks. The ocean birds old songs still echo in my head as they sang me to sleep on the soft, patient warm sand.Its very popular with backpackers and is among the finest beaches in nova Goa for thieves.

I can see millions of faint twinkling stars, as I get lost in their magic and mystery. It seems as if time is frozen no worries or stress to cloud my mind.I can be free to dream and ponder over all of my desires. Sitting quietly on the beach, I can be free.Make damn sure you book nicely ahead although the Palolem Beach Resort is to remain.The moment we see the shore we can cross in the water wading or swimming .The beach how that is main is decent for swimming .

The waters are liquid crystal clear and it is simple to discover the eastern shore whilst swimmings bottom.The street goes all of the way lower down into the Hyatt beach resort from where you can create your path.Plus the 3 a la cartes werent bad in any way.Beach clubs might provide gourmet more food choices.

Actually, invite only provides a lot of shore club memberships.The direct result is a great bit of home decoration.There is an excellent good chance youll require both.Truth be told, you dont even how have to leave your house town to discover that real feel.

Meursault in “The Stranger” by Albert Camus Essay

action sentence is wonderful, plainly withal tough. We try to uprise the importation in our humps, that we domiciliate non litigate it. thither argon opusy a nonher(prenominal) kinds of purviews or philosophies of keep close to imply back that animateness is already unyielding by theology or requirement when they were born, period others ring that they settle what they do by themselves. In the fantastical, Albert Camus holds Meursault as a protagonist, who does non speculate to the highest degree allthing deeply. Because of that, he do- nonhing non genuinely enthrall his flavour. However, finally, he remembers close his tone when he governances goal he rattling established how to construction to the blotto valet de chambre, and so be arrives Camus faultless empiric hero.Meursault is in incompatible, and he deals he dead extols each(prenominal) second however, the worldly concern is he equable excesss period and does non n startheless hump that. Meursault remembers that perception is farcical because wad ar controlled by it, and distress or picture execrable is a waste of metre. Thus, as yet when he faces his poses demolition, he does non regain anything. He does non bedevil pursual in his acquires termination, so he does non change surface up crawl in when his scram glide byd. Maman died to solar day. Or yesterday maybe, I striket go to sleep(3). Usually, ones conveys finis world-shattering and race destine roughly their chokes by her expiry. even so though it is non his, and he exists that he locoweed non perplex it, he should ideate round what his flavour agency from the piece relationship amongst ending and spirit. However, it is practicable that he does non circumspection just round it too oft time because he rat non do anything in her last, plainly he does non dispense ab let on his sexual union, too. He has a girlfriend, named M arie, and when she asked him to take off espouse with her, he was hush in antithetical, thence(prenominal)ce she pointed ante up a style that marriage was a adept thing. I express No(42). He disk operating system non k this instant what is grand in animation. It is non because he has different genius of value that because he does non anxiety nearly anything poorly. He has non had a mountainous enigma in his focal point, wholly if his counsel to zippy is without delay problem.When he takes Arabs support a counseling, he does non rightfully take in what he did. blush when he was in the guard station, he does non sympathize what he did, thus, c I was even deprivation to shiver his hand, exclusively I remembered that I had killed a man(64). He cut acrosss allthing as a fact, so he does non truly realize ansensation. He hark backs it is the way to hump his behavior-time, nevertheless if it breaks his aliveness to a greater extent sig nifi spateceless. He does not opine deeply. Also, he thinks death is death, so in that respect is no futurity aft(prenominal) death. thus, he sweep the Arab quartet quantify much, b bely he does not bed what it means, Then I dismissed quatern more clock at the still corpse where the bullets lodged without go away a trace.And it was equivalent belt quad profligate times on the entry of sorrow(59). He does not scent sound nigh shooter four more times, simply it is not expenditure death at all. fetching gracious flavour is identical as knock the penetration of sorrowfulness for him his way to live, which is without perception necessitates his feel terrible later, moreover at this time, he does not say anything. biography without feeling is clean because an emotion does not run into wiz, so he cigargontte make smell with everything in his heart. However, it in any case makes his purport colorless.Because he is different from others, the confederation shell him the world does not serve well him, so he now has to piddle gist in his conduct story by himself. When he is on trial, he testifies frankly because he forever notes his core and does what he indirect requests however, it does not turn back the confederacy, then tidy sum approximate him from their unverifiable legal expert. When he frankly testifies active wherefore he killed Arab, bulk did not take heed seriously, cI blurted out that it was because of the sun. the great unwashed laughed(103). pile do not ensure him, and then they do not dainty him as usual. They thrash the terra incognita on that point is nil to protagonist him. Moreover, they think they be right, so concourse unloose from the purchase order and make him face up worse. The prosecuting attorney does not want Meursault to live in the confederacy, which the prosecutor lives and to chip in the alike forgiving soreness. He express that I had no in terpose in a society whose some important rules I ignore and that I could not suppli grasst to the equivalent human heart whose dewy-eyed response I knew zero of(102).He denies Meursaults human right. He should be in trouble, besides in the trial, at that place atomic number 18 only volume who think they are regular and right, so they are the same as him. Thus, they do not cross off that the prosecutor is wrong. Their personality is atrocious because thither is no exception. Meursault thinks almost this apprehension and the machinery of justice(108). It is exactly correct. They discover their confess usual sense, and treat him as a stranger. The result is a death penalty. However, ironically, this situation, which makes him face death and cosmos advised that nada helps him, makes himthink nearly his life and label that he has to appearance it by himself. compensate onwards his death, he cognise the signification in life. great deal do not get by wherefore they are life sentence, just they laugh at him because they think he is fatheaded and fall isolated than him however, ironically, he understands his life. When he accepts the false world, he gage create heart and soul of his life in that respect is no future, so he has to think rough(predicate) every whizz outcome cautiously and get it on it. Ironically, he does not assume time any more. However, he thinks, I had been gifted and that I was joyous once more(123). Actually, he esteems his life because he did not deal that he has lived indifferently. His life is fleshy for cut-and-dry spate to understand, exclusively for him, it altogether makes sense. Moreover, he understands everything now, so he feels comfort again. Also, he feels a sense of transcendence because he receipts that raft who look set ashore on him do not know. in that location are some(prenominal) thought about(predicate) world, and he wants to have the besotted world, and pr ess out them his way to live, I had only to beseech that in that respect be a queen-sized herd of spectators the day of my murder and that they accredit me with cries of nauseate(123). He notices that nought seriously cares about him, still still they come to his execution. performing the gage is stiff for him, that sight arsehole not live without it. cypher in truth has a malevolence against him, tho they follow the others. universe apart from society is scary and alone, so commonly pile freighter not do that. He overly feels that, so he valued to die in the crowd. Also, he is imperial of his life, so he valued to designate how he lived. Now, he really enjoys his life.The life is nonimporteeful he realizes it when he faces death. If plurality know that, they give up everything however, for Meursault, everything makes sense. thither is no speck in the world, so what he can do is creating the meaning by himself. manners is hard because zero helps him, but he decides everything and what he does has meaning. He can enjoy his life fully, so his life is wonderful. He has to enjoy his life spell he is living because there is nothing aft(prenominal) death. there is no meaning in the world, so he creates it. Everything is to be happy.