Reaction Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Reaction Paper - Essay Example Therefore, the teacher suggests to cut-off saintliness so that in doing so, saintliness could be attained as one becomes more engaged in his considerations on how to prepare for whatever circumstance he will meet. Ornamental conduct is how Tao Te Ching looks at the forms of human-heartedness which brings one’s thoughts to the aforementioned argument on hypocrisy behind saintliness. When a person considers himself as human-hearted, there is the possibility of acting out for other people but not really meaning what one does. However, when one gets rid of such mentality about human-heatedness, sincerity will manifest and whatever a person does, good or bad, will not be judged according to its wrongness of correctness but will tell what kind a person one really is. In conclusion, the philosopher suggests people to act and think as naturally as they can and not be controlled by the disciplines suggested by people and their norms. In this way, true virtues will be attained as people become more observant of how they should act and not be confined to acting as they are expected to

Pain Consultants Essay Example for Free

Pain Consultants Essay Pain, as stated by Kozier, is considered to be the fifth vital sign in assessing a patient’s over-all health. Also, pain is whatever the patients says it is, hence, one cannot evaluate pain just by simply looking at the patient, because pain is relative, it is subjective. Pain is a very important aspect that many tend to neglect because of pain being tolerable at times, but its assessment is essential to the healthcare team to ensure that the patient is comfortable even during the course of his or her illness and to avoid complications. According to Bullock, pain can be indicative of complications such as infection or inflammation, tissue necrosis among others. For these reasons, pain management has taken on the next level in lessening or even eliminating a patient’s pain. The Pain Consultants of Atlanta or PCA aims to provide pain relief to patients with the use of precise and state-of-the-art equipment. The doctors behind PCA, who are all pain management specialists, believe that this is a biological need, and that people experiencing pain are not capable of going about with their activities of daily living, impeding the normality of their lives. The doctors who make up the PCA are all board certified anesthesiologists, and they make use of a fluoroscopy to guarantee accuracy and security for all, most especially in doing procedures such as, epidural steroid injections, discogram, lumbar sympathetic blockage, among others. Their clinics can be found at The Macquarium Suite, The Piedmont Hospital, Piedmont Fayette Hospital, Decatur, and Stockbridge. As a proud employee of this prestigious institution, I participate in the client’s healthcare assessment by preparing the client before consultation. I take the blood pressure and other patient vital signs, and make them comfortable before they see the doctor. The healthcare industry is one of the best industries in the world. You get to feel the benefits of knowing about health conditions and the satisfaction you get when the patients thank you is more than enough to get you through the day, what more if you help in ceasing their pain.

US Public Lands Essay -- US territory, US Forest service, government

U.S. Public Lands are a vital part of our nation and what is stands for, but you rarely hear anything about of these lands or the creation of their units anywhere other than a bleak mention in a high school American history class where they briefly mention their conception or if you seek it out in college. The federal government owns just about 30% of all public lands in the United States, (Bureau of Land Management Lecture), which equates to almost 650 million acres, of land of all different types and terrains. The U.S. Public Lands system is divided into five major units, all owned by the federal government, all with different goals and all ran by different legislation but all still dealing with the same things: nature and the environment. When first learning about the existence of these five major units, I asked myself, why aren’t these all under the same branches, just as many other sectors of life in America. Or if anything why isn’t it up to the individual sta tes to decide how they want their land looked after? I quickly realized was that they weren’t all created as one because each different unit has it’s owns mission’s, legislations to abide by and it’s own practices and that by owning so much land federally, the United States is able to hold more control over the individual states. Although I don’t think that it will be effortless and uncomplicated, I do think that the land owned by the federal government should be devolved back to the individual states so they can customize their care for the environment that is specifically catered to their specific terrain’s needs. I believe the best alternative is for the United States to give back the federal land to the individual states, and then the individual states consol... ... are now barely breaking even, even with tourism. The only really profitable aspects are the oil, gas and mining companies, which reside on federal land but those are poorly managed and do more bad than good for the environment and all people living around them. At first it will be hard but it’s not impossible under the right leadership who truly only wants the betterment of the environment, I think with strict guidelines and rules this could be the most profitable solution for humankind and the environment. I believe that giving the land back to the states will be beneficial to help keep the costs down, centralize the efforts, and make â€Å"saving,† and â€Å"preserving,† the environment more efficient in the long run. Works Cited Edwards, Chris, and Randal O'Toole. "Reforming Federal Land Management." Downsizing the Federal Government. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2013.

Organisational Behaviour Essay

Accoring to Agarwal, (2007) organisation and management have been analysed and theorised since man first collaboratively worked together to achieve common goals. Motivational theory explores â€Å" forces acting on or within a person that cause the arousal, direction, and persistence of goal-directed, voluntary effect† and is a frequently investigated area of organisational behaviour (Barnet & Simmering, 2006. P. 563). With no one unanimously supported theory, it is not surprising that each theory’s development attracts a flock of critics, each dedicating time and resources to questioning validity. Miner, (2007) gives a comprehensive account of theory, describing a good theory as one that presents unique insights, is interesting, purposeful, testable and well written, adding depth to the literature it is grounded in. It is from this yard stick that this essay aims to evaluate the two content theories developed by Frederick Hertzberg and David McClelland. Initially, each theory will be overviewed, to develop a general understanding of the conclusions made regarding motivational strategy. An evaluation of the strengths and limitations each theory presents will follow, identifying how these assessments can be applied to contemporary organisations. Through this it will be shown that regardless of the limitations theories experience, their development and subsequent scrutiny, continues to uncover the enormous potential associated with understanding and respecting the internal motivational make up of individuals. Hertzberg’s Two-Factor Theory Fredrick Hertzberg developed the Two-Factor Theory after conducting a study in the 1950s, which approached 200 engineers and accountants from different companies. Using the critical incidence technique, Hertzberg asked open questions, encouraging interviewees to identify and prioritise factors effecting their job fulfilment (Kondalkar, 2007). From this research Hertzberg suggested job satisfaction be approached by identifying ‘motivational factors’ with the potential to lead to satisfaction and ‘hygiene factors’ that risk dissatisfaction if not maintained to an appropriate standard (Kondalkar). Motivating factors were found to be associated with job content whilst hygiene factors stemmed from the context in which the job was performed (Wood et al, 2010). Diagram one, lists these factors and illustrates the limitations Hertzberg discovered in linking high-level motivation with hygiene factors. That is, â€Å"any improvement in hygiene factors do not motivate workers but their reduction below a certain level will dissatisfy them† (Kondalkar, p. 106). Also, it can be seen that no overlapping factors relating to both satisfaction and dissatisfaction exist, as the conclusion was made that they were independent â€Å"rather than opposite extremes on a single continuum as traditional views had held† (Wagner & Hollenbeck, 2010, p. 130). Diagram one: (Content taken from Kondalhar, 2007, pp. 105-106) Upon evaluation, a number of criticisms have come forward, many relating to the breadth of Hertzberg’s study. The research involved limited respondents; all male white-collar workers in accounting and engineering firms; therefore the needs of many occupational groups were not reflected (Wagner & Hollenbeck, 2010). Also the study failed to recognize individual diversity and the varying prioritisation of needs relating to ones age, gender and culture (Wood et al, 2010). Wagner and Hollenbeck (2010), question Hertzberg’s â€Å"critical-incident technique† claiming that it â€Å"is a questionable research method, subject to errors in perception†¦memory and†¦subconscious biases† (p. 31). This view is echoed by Wood et al (2010), who are concerned that Hertzberg’s method may have encouraged respondents to attribute positive experiences at work to their own management of situations, and negative experiences to environmental conditions beyond their control. For this reason the theory has been labelled ‘method bound’ indicating that similar resul ts could not be achieved through any other approach, thus limiting its credibility and successful application in other work settings (Kondalkar, 2007). Finally, there is ambiguity surrounding the labelling of motivational versus hygiene factors. Many factors showed up as both satisfiers and dissatisfiers, especially those related to salary, relationship and status (Miner 2007). So, managers wishing to apply the theory must be aware of these limitations, rather than assuming Hertzberg’s motivational and hygiene factors will be relevant to all organisations. Despite it’s imperfections, Hertzberg’s theory has been successful in developing a framework through which organisations can approach job design and enrichment. It may provide managers with a starting point for understanding and explaining individual performance, and offer suggestions for improving employee output (Wood et al 2010). Broadly categorising motivational factors as being internal, and factors leading to dissatisfaction as external, has highlighted that natural human motivation comes from ones desire to improve themselves, be engaged in meaningful activities, and be recognized for their efforts, rather than purely for monetary gain. Furthermore, Miner (2007) considers employees who focus solely on hygiene factors, as an employment risk, being less driven, and more dependent on frequent external incentives to stay motivated. This information may be useful if these factors can be assessed within the recruitment process. In practical terms this theory encourages organisations to take a more personal approach to their staff. To assess the presence or absence of these contributing factors, organisations could work closely with their workers, developing their own unique set of hygiene and motivational factors specific to their people in their industry. With open communication channels and improved workplace relationships, organisations have the potential to increase transparency into individual motivational needs of employees. This would put them in a better position to ensure their workforce remains motivated, whilst environmental conditions are appropriately maintained to facilitate optimal performance. Motivational factors could be addressed through addressing performance feedback, development of internal or external client relationships, knowledge acquisition and individual influence over ones time and schedule (Herzberg 1976 as cited in Miner 2007). For hotel employees, an intranet website could be utilised for charting individual performance results, customer/interdepartmental feedback, posting educational programs on offer and a feedback forum to make suggestions sent direct to management. Giving employees transparency into departmental running costs, the responsibility to manage their own costs, and allowing employees to direct justifiable funds into areas they feel could improve unit output, could also empower and motivate individuals (Miner). McClelland’s Achievement Motivation Theory McClelland used an â€Å"arousal based approach to studying motives† which began by linking hunger and the influence of food images on thought processes (Miner J. , 2005 pp. 47-48). This was later applied to such areas as achievement (nAch), affiliation (nAff), and power (nPow). The Thematic Apperception Test measured needs by evaluating stories written by people after viewing particular images, which were categorised, according to which need they appealed to (Wood et al, 2010). Through this study McClelland found that although most people presented a combination of nAch, nAff, nPow characteristics, one usually dominated, and the identification of the predominant need could help provide insight into an individual’s behaviour, management style and therefore, job suitability (Miner, 2007). He also explains how all three groups learn through experience, which circumstances evoke the strongest sense of personal satisfaction, and are gravitated to activities that regularly provide that experience (Miner, 2007). McClelland’s theory in some way helps to provide an explanation for those people who may not fit into the motivational model proposed by Hertzberg. McClelland was interested in the influence of unconscious motives on human behaviour (McClelland, 1987 ) and his acquired needs theory would categorise the 200 accountants and engineers interviewed by Hertzberg, as being nAch. That is, all their motives relate to the intrinsic desire to improve ones abilities and reach ones goals in order to obtain the feedback that they are ‘achieving’ something (Wood, et al 2010). Diagram two outlines the conditions required to engage nAch individuals, many of which could be applied to someone with entrepreneurial ambition (Miner, 2005). Although those seeking such conditions could be perceived as valuable employees, their shortcomings may surface when required to manage others if they do not possess the emotional intelligence required to understand those whose need for achievement is not as strong (Miner). Diagram Two: (Content taken from Miner, 2007, pp. 36-44) McClelland’s theory goes on to identify two other categories of people. Those with nAff bias have a desire to be liked by everyone, enjoy human interaction and working towards team goals. For this reason nAff individuals may find management challenging when they are required to make tough decisions that are not supported by subordinates, however may still perform well in project management roles (McClelland, 1987). NPow people may be better suited to upper management as they are less likely to put the maintenance of amicable relationships before the needs of the organisation (Miner, 2005). As with all three categories, the nPow group also has its negative tendencies. As outlined in diagram two, according to McClelland (1987), there are four sequential stages of power, and those that reach the final stage, have the highest prediction for managerial success. Others who may become entrenched in personal power motives may manage people poorly due to their preoccupation with their own needs, and fail to develop respect due to high inhibition and low affiliation behaviours (McClelland). According to Wood et al (2010) the main significance of McClelland’s research was that it proved nAch behaviour could be successfully learnt throughout life, and did not have to be acquired in early childhood as originally thought. Also McClelland clearly established a link between nAch motives and entrepreneurial activity and performance (Miner, 2007). This has important practical implications for organisations as it indicates that appropriate training of employees could increase the presence of nAch and nPow motives, which have been supported indicators of high-level performance (Miner). McClelland has successfully developed and implemented such programs around the world (Miner, 2007) and believes this finding could be applied to developing nations and create considerable improvements in the performance and output of entire countries (McClelland, 1961). Alhtough McClelland’s theory recieves more support than many other early theories, its key limitation lies in the convenience of practical implementation (Robbins, 2009). Whilst managers may benefit greatly from knowing and understanding the implications of needs biases of employees, such subconscious patterns re difficult to assess (Robbins), and the methods used to do so, such as psychometric/motivational testing or motivational interviews/surveys can prove time-consuming and costly. Therefore the time and financial commitments required to assess subconscioius needs of employees is a barrier for many organisations (Robbins). Another drawback of the theory relates to the lack of relevance for female employees. The theory was formulated after analysis of male subjects alone, and when women were later studied the results were inconsistent, despite achievement motivation being significant with women entrepreneurs (Miner 2007). Such concepts as fear of success reduced achievement motivation scores, with high inhibition and power motivated behvaiours operating in completely different ways (Miner). Organisations should therefore be mindful that McClellands methods may only be relevant to the male contigent of their workforce when considering practical implementation. Managers may overcome these limitiations if equipped with the knowledge of the three core needs and practice recognition of the behaviours which represent them (both within themselves and others). Once educated individuals may, with experience, become skilled needs assessors. Until individuals have had an opprotunity to experience a range of nAch, nPow and nAff related situations, they themselves may not have a clear understanding of their own needs bias. They may feel dissatsified or unmotivated or both, without really understanding why. For this reason it may be useful to give employees a chance to experience the various factors, then assess their responses, in order to help them identify with their own subconsicous motives. Also educating employees about the various tendencies, may in itself help employees to recognize where they fit within the needs theory model. During a workshop, the various needs concepts could be explained, then each individual could map their needs on a scale such as shown in diagram two, in order to see where their tendecies lie. A questionaire could be developed with each answer having a particular rating within each of the categories to assist employees with identifying with their needs. You are working on a team project with three others, and they are disinterested and not pulling their weight. Would you: a) Be happy that you could run the project in your own way and be motivated by the challenge? b) Organise a social function and try and get everyone engaged through developing positive relationships?

Econ103 end term paper Essay

1. In your own words and in a maximum of 250 words for each concept, briefly explain the essence of each of the following emerging economic ideas. Imagine explaining them to someone who has not studied economic history. What are they really about? (20 points) A. Perlas’ 3-Folding Concept as applied in Philippine Agenda 21 B. Caring Economics C. Conscious Capitalism D. Natural Capitalism E. Sacred Economics 2. Still in your own words, accomplish the following summary table about the emerging economic ideas studied. Use easily understandable key words/phrases. You may further explain below the table if necessary (25 points): Idea Definition Key Principles/Elements & Framework Key Strategies (How the Idea will be Accomplished) A. Perlas’ 3-Folding Concept as applied in the PhilippineAgenda 21 An action for a sustainable development where the civil society, the government and businesses help each other to reach a certain goal. Cooperation among sectors of the society. B. Caring Economics Caring economics deals with giving importance to human beings and the environment as a part of the society and development. Human rights and other rights should be implemented and punishment among those who does not care for the life of human beings and the environment. C. Conscious Capitalism A type of capitalism where there is no self – interest instead the conditions of others or employees and other people are not being for granted but always take in to consideration. Employees should be given equal rights like the owners and observe right mind setting in making decisions. D. Natural Capitalism  In natural economics, capitalists are being reminded to also invest in natural resources so that there will still be source of raw materials and in times of calamity, the environment would be protected. Restrict and not allow businesses that would not agree on investing a portion of their income for reserving the environment. E. Sacred Economics Sacred economics state that true happiness is not having a lot of money. It is explained that money is man- made and what is more important are those things created by God that can give us real happiness. Having the mentality that above everything else, happiness is what we want and being contented with what we have is already enough. Having a lot of money will not make us very happy. 3. Always in your own words throughout the rest of your paper, compare and contrast the emerging economic ideas you’ve just explained in No. 1. What are their similarities and differences? Discuss in detail. (15 points) 3. Analyze how EACH of the emerging economic ideas fulfill (or not fulfill) the goals and criteria of development according to: I. the Catholic Church’s AUTHENTIC DEVELOPMENT concept, II. the United Nation’s SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT, and The criteria of development according to the UN’s Sustainable Development concept, Development is the capability to improve without sacrificing or compromising what is there for the future. Development is like having freedom, there is no servitude, a person is able to do something because he/ she knows that he/ she can, there is self-confidence within himself/herself. In addition, development is when there is respect in the society , when there is  sustenance that each person can say that â€Å"I’ve had enough and I am contented†. This criteria of development is somehow like the Sacred economics, there is real happiness when people are contented and live in an environment where there is respect and freedom. III. PEACE AS DEVELOPMENT. Discuss in detail. Use the â€Å"Lenses of Development† lecture file found in the egroup Lectures> Current Material folder (also in http://www.slideshare.net/gracewithfire/lenses-of-development) as well as any additional research you might want to make. (30 points) 4. Given your preceding discussion and analysis, what are your conclusions (CONCLUDING REMARKS) about these emerging economic ideas? (10 points) In my own opinion, the emerging economic ideas would be successful fully if only people especially business owners , the government are willing to cooperate by doing those. Indeed, real happiness is when you can say that I am really happy and contented of what I have. In fact, there is no need for money to be happy but all we need is love, if we have the love of the people around us, we could say that we are happy. The emerging economic ideas are primarily concerned about the real wealth of the society, human beings and the environment. If people would only think of these two things and how will their decisions affect the human beings and the environment, probably there would be no extra expense for them especially for those who are in the government and owners of businesses because if they would only invest in protecting and preserving of the natural resources and environment, there would probably no destructions brought by calamities such as floods and landslides that destroyed their businesses. 5. Please also attach your individually accomplished 21st Century Skills updated survey form at the end of your paper. The form is found in the Assignments> Current Material folder of the egroup, the same folder where this instructions file is found. Format: Letter-sized bond paper, double-spaced, with pagination at the upper right hand corner, 1-inch margins all around, with cover page showing contributing members’ names and individual contributions and class schedule,  and References page (if you used additional researched references) in APA Style , 6th edition. SUBMIT IN HARDCOPY BY OCTOBER 14, 2013, 5PM , AT THE CBA FACULTY OFFICE, VIA THE SECRETARIES. PLS. HAVE YOUR COVER PAGE STAMPED WITH RECEIVED DATE AND TIME BY THE SECRETARY.

Essay about Denton Cty Financial Report

Essay about Denton Cty Financial Report Essay about Denton Cty Financial Report Denton County Annual Financial Report Government for Non profit –ACC206 Professor Higgins July 29, 2012 The disclosure of contingency liabilities has posed some concerns in business practices as it relates to the accuracy of financial reporting. With the recent market decline, many businesses have substantial cash flow issues and have closed without notice resulting in investor loss as well as loss of pensions for employees. This has caused an excessive amount of debt to be absorbed by banks and the government. In the details of the proposed amendment to FASB Statement No. 5 regarding disclosure of loss contingencies (2008), an entity shall disclose information about the risks associated with loss contingencies that will effect the entity’s potential financial position, cash flows and results of operation. According to the FASB concepts Statement No. 1(2008), which states, â€Å"financial reporting should provide information to help investors, creditors, and others access the amounts, timing, and uncertainty of prospective net cash inflows as it relates to the enterpriseâ₠¬ . When financial statements fail to disclose any future liabilities in any current period, assets are overstated and therefore result in greater risk for investors. Any pending litigation against a company should be disclosed to protect the rights of employees, clients and investors from losses. Although contingent liability is a result of future events, it creates a misrepresentation of a business financial position. Businesses prefer not to disclose any litigation because they are seeking financial opportunities such as loans or investors and without contingency disclosure; there is a greater chance to obtain financial stability. While lawsuits can be lengthy, there are many risks of damaging businesses when a contingency loss is validated and the financial reports reflect understated liabilities from non-disclosure of this event. Company appearing in good financial position pose financial disposition for investors, government and employees are pressed to find involuntary new jobs such as the what happened in the last few years. Because contingency liabilities are based on future events with probable values of loss, SFAS No.5 was challenged because of the word â€Å"probable†. According to SFAS No 5 (1998), â€Å"probable† means â€Å"likely to occur† instead of â€Å"more likely than not.† This definition created objections by lawyers who insist that this is recording of a liability based on judgment and alienates the government’s ability to fairly defend the public interest (1998). The interesting part of this is that accounting is reliable data and is not based on judgment but can be estimated in any given period. The principles set for recognizing a contingent liability are as important as those for long-term liabilities. Since liabilities represent the amount of debt a business has incurred, it should be reported accurately as an offset to assets. When we think about business operations as expenses occur, liabilities absorb the resources to sustain the business. It is important for business to analyze the financial position of the company before obtaining any outstanding debt. A contingent liability can absorb the financial position and cause a business to liquidate. Consequently, banks, creditors, other investors and en employees lose out as a result of a valid contingency loss. The proposed Accounting Standards Update (2010) states that with regards to loss contingencies, â€Å"entity shall disclose qualitative and quantitative information to enable financial users to understand all of the following, the nature of the loss contingencies, their potential magnitude, and their potential timing (if known)†. The ASU also would require public entities to present a table reconciling the total aggregate amount of the contingencies recognized in the statement of financial position at

Outline SNAP4 SCI HS CHEM Essay

Outline SNAP4 SCI HS CHEM Essay Outline SNAP4 SCI HS CHEM Essay 2014-2015 SPRING DISTRICT SNAPSHOT #4 OUTLINE Subject: Science Grade: Chemistry Snapshot: Snapshot #4 Standards: Ⓡ CHEM.10B, Ⓡ CHEM.10E, Ⓡ CHEM.10F, Ⓢ CHEM.10D, Ⓢ CHEM.10A, Ⓡ CHEM.8B, Ⓡ CHEM.8D Recommended Administration Window: February 2-6, 2015 Standard Question Number Question Type Level of Rigor (DOK)1 Details Ⓡ CHEM.10B Develop and use general rules regarding solubility through investigations with aqueous solutions. Q1 MC 1 Student uses a table of solubility rules to identify which of a set of chemicals is soluble. Q2 MC 2 Student identifies which pair of substances can be separated through filtration. Q3 MC 3 Student analyzes an incomplete chemical reaction involving precipitates from aqueous solutions to identify the missing compound. Ⓡ CHEM.10E Distinguish between types of solutions such as electrolytes and nonelectrolytes and unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions. Q1 MC 1 Student identifies the definition of one of the terms from the standard. Q2 MC 2 Student uses a solubility curve to determine either the quantity of a substance that can be dissolved in a given amount of water at a given temperature, or the temperature at which a given quantity of a substance can be dissolved in a given amount of water. Q3 MC 2 Student uses information about an investigation and terminology from the standard to explain an observation from the investigation. Ⓡ CHEM.10F Investigate factors that influence solubilities and rates of dissolution such as temperature, agitation, and surface area. Q1 MC 1 Student identifies which of a list of methods would speed or slow the rate of dissolution of a substance. Q2 MC 2 Student uses a graph showing solubility curves to identify the substance whose solubility has a specified property or rate. Q3 MC 3 Student analyzes a graph of solubility curves and information from an experiment to determine the identity of an unknown substance. Ⓢ CHEM.10D Use molarity to calculate the dilutions of solutions. Q1 GR 2 Student calculates the quantity or molarity of a substance necessary for a specified dilution. Q2 MC 3 Student analyzes information about possible dilutions to determine which one was calculated correctly or incorrectly. Ⓢ CHEM.10A Describe the unique role of water in chemical and biological systems. Q1 MC 2 Student identifies an example of a unique property of water that contributes to its role in chemical and/or biological systems. Q2 MC 1 Student identifies the property of water that enables it to perform specified functions. Ⓡ CHEM.8B Use the mole concept to calculate the number of atoms, ions, or molecules in a sample of material. Q1 MC 4 Student evaluates a calculation involving the concepts in the standard to determine why the